Roxanne Heikin
Psy 556: Personality
Dr. Spas
November 14, 2017
1. The central point of Bandura’s article is to discuss his concepts of self-efficacy and self-regulation in a broader social cognitive framework, which he labeled “human agency”. This construct refers to personal efforts to control one's functioning and life circumstances, and its core properties are intentions, forethought, self-reactions, and self-reflection. Thus, Bandura's theoretical approach conceptualizes the person as a contributor of his or her life circumstances and not merely as a product, in that, the person is proactive agent in adjustment not just an onlooker.
2. a1.) “To be an agent is to influence intentionally one’s functioning and life circumstances. In this view, personal influence is part of the causal structure. People are self-organizing, proactive, self-regulating, and self-reflecting. They are not simply onlookers of their behavior. They are contributors to their life circumstances, not just products of them...Human functioning is a product of a reciprocal interplay of
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This article has many strengths. First, Bandura’s theory contrasted with the traditional theories placing more responsibility on the individual and personal agency. Also, Bandura cautions that agentic intentions are not vague inclinations to act, but rather, they concern specific action plans and strategies for carrying out those plans. Bandura supported this dual role of self as he highlighted that motivation lay at the core of unilateral and collective achievement. Further, Bandura clearly illustrated that this is an area of research in which psychology can make unique contributions to the biopsychosocial understanding of human development, adaptation, and change. Bandura's social cognitive theory has had a major impact on clinical applications. Social modeling, self-regulation, and agentic self-beliefs are widely used to prevent and modify varied types of psychological
Also, Bandura focused on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy means that the individual will feel as if they are worthy of the best (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). “People low in self-efficacy feel helpless, unable to exercise control over life events” (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p. 338). Although Antwone joined the navy, he was still haunted by his past. His models taught him to not enjoy being intimate with anothe...
This course has taught me a lot about the different personality theories as well as the best known psychology theorists that have developed these theories. Personality consists of the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make an individual unique. Numerous theories have been emerged to implicit the different features of personality. The main purpose of some theories is to focus on explaining how personality developed.
In our society human beings play many different roles in life. There are so many different people and each person has their own personality. When a baby born, the baby doesn’t know anything, and slowly he started to learn and family, parents, culture, society, institutions are huge resources behind his development of being himself. The article by Ryan and Deci (2000)… discussed about self-determination theory, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Self-determination theory represents a broad framework for human motivation and personality. Intrinsic motivation refers to engage in a behavior that gives internal rewards. Extrinsic behavior is driven by external rewards. In this paper I am going to discuss some of my personal experiences and real
Human behavior is a vital component in the sustainment of health and the prevention of illness. For some decades now there has been an increasing attention to the contribution of psychological and social components to improving and changing health. Health specialists have used the help of models of behavior change in order to reduce health risks. Through all these years psychosocial models have been a leading influence in predicting and explaining health behaviors. The most accustomed are the social cognition models. A central principle of social cognition is that people’s social behavior is comprehended by examining their perceptions about their own behaviour
Behavioral theories are very significant, but the social learning theory by Albert Bandura is one of the most valuable and influential theory out of them all. The social learning theory analyzes how humans learn through observing other people’s attitudes and behaviors. Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany and he was the founder and conductor of the Nazi Party. Accordingly, Adolf Hitler is related to the social learning theory because his actions were related with his life struggle. Many people wonder why Hitler killed so many innocent lives and the reality is that no one will ever know, but the social learning theory by Albert Bandura can help people briefly understand why humans perform cruel and inhumane behaviors. This theory does not excuse nor does it permits Hitler’s malicious behavior, but it provides a psychological view to his unnatural actions. Adolf Hitler was the main cause of World War II and the Holocaust; he was responsible for about 11 million deaths and approximately 1 million were children. During the Holocaust the Nazis focused on executing the Jews, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses and disabled people. Moreover, Hitler also conducted the concentration camps, labor camps and extermination camps. In the camps Hitler kept as prisoners anyone who acted against him in any way and he also kept Jews. The concentration camp mainly forced people to do hard labor and slowly they would die of starvation, infections or murder; in the other hand, extermination camps were used to kill an immense cluster of people instantly. Also, Hitler permitted doctors that were part of the Nazi Party to performed medical experiments to the prisoners without their consent, basically the prisoners were used as lab rats and then they ...
The purpose of this research report is to investigate the personality of Beyoncé Knowles in terms of humanistic and trait conceptions of personality.
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184. Retrieved from Faith University.
Many psychologists throughout many years present theoretical approaches in an attempt to understand personality. Hans Eysenck’s approach of personality differed from that of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytical theory of personality. Eysenck’s theory of personality relies on the scientific basis of biology in explaining human personality. Although Freud’s theories are intriguing to an open mind, Eysenck’s approach made measurable scientific sense. He relied on the use of trait and factor analysis, which is a statistical method. Freud relied on faith and his personal opinions based on observational research to reach the assumptions that set forth his theories (Feist & Feist, 2009). Eysenck and Freud did not agree on anything about understanding how and why the mind operates the way, it does.
There are many people in this world; no two people are the same. When considering personality theories it is important to note that not all theories apply to all situations or all people. Different theories have different approaches. It is important to know the person before making assumptions about the proper theory to apply to the person or in any given situation. The purpose of this paper is to analysis how different personality theorists could interoperate different individual circumstances and behaviors based on case examples provided by the instructor.
“Self-concept consists of knowledge, views and evaluation of the self, ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life” (McCrae and Costa, 1996). With self-concept, we learn who we are by observing ourselves and using our cognitive processes to judge and evaluate our behaviour. However, with self-regulation, we are able to use this knowledge and judgment and apply it to future situations and so predicts behaviour and says a lot about our personality. If we are willing to cognitively analyse past situations and apply it effectively to future situations, this means we are changing our behaviour, thus changing our
The study of personality traits is beneficial in identifying the many variables that exist from human to human; the combinations of these variables provide us with a true level of individuality and uniqueness. In the field of psychology, trait theory is considered to be a key approach to the study of human personality (Crowne, 2007; Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). This paper aims to identify a number of significant contributors who have played crucial roles in both the development and application of trait theory. This paper then moves focus to these theorists, outlining their theory and analysing both the strengths and weaknesses of those theories. An illustration of the methods used in trait measurement is given and includes the arguments both for and against such procedures. Lastly the findings of trait theory and its components described within the paper will be summarised.
Empowerment and control are essential to elements to self-efficacy. According to Bandura, early social learning theory of behavioral change...
Allport defines personality as ‘the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment’ (Allport, 1937). An individual’s unique personality traits and attributes are a powerful indicator of how he/she will interact with the work environment. The difference between average and outstanding employees can often be solely personality related. As the employee is the most valuable asset to the company, ‘selecting the right employee during the process is critical’ (Carbery and Cross, 2013, pp. 41-53)
Throughout the past several hundred years, people have come up with reasons to why one does what he/she does. Some claim that the way he/she behaves is hereditary or even one may claim that he/she is just born with this natural instinct. Albert Bandura came up with a theory to prove both ideas wrong. Bandura has left an impact on psychology for years, and his social cognitive theory has been a huge contribution in science and life since the mid 1900s.
This theory is adapted by an induvial by watching others. I’ve learned pretty much everything through my friends and family to not know how to fully think on my own yet. Cognitive-Social Theory focuses on Albert Bandura's two main points of Reciprocal determinism and Self-efficacy. Reciprocal determinism is when our personality is shaped by interaction among cognitive factors, behavior, and environment. This can happen in three ways by: our friends influencing us, how we interpret and react to events, and situations to which we interact. I am totally deceptible of peer pressure and easily influenced, coming to a new school and new friends influenced a lot of my decisions. My new friends influenced my clothing choice to a more “preppy” expensive style. I started to listen to country music, care about makeup, and became a lot more girly due to my fashionable down-to-earth friends of mine. Also, our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events. Because I tend to very anxious, I help sometimes my situations with a lot of high stress because I get very stressed out quickly. Lastly, our personalities help create situations to which we interact, we often treat others on how they treat us by teaching them how to treat us. Because we usually learn how to treat other by how we’re acting, this should always be a common reminder for us to observe how we are behaving. While Self-efficacy is a person's