Bacterial Resistance To Antibiotics
explanatory Essay
1623 words
I am going to begin my paper by defining bacteria. The next step will be to define antibiotics. I will then continue by explaining the concept of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. I will focus on specific ways in which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. I will continue with ideas of how to control the resistance. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing phenomenon that becomes more serious as more bacteria resist drugs. I will finish my paper by listing and explaining ideas that are being used now or will be used in the future in an attempt to control the problem of resistance. Bacteria are organisms that are made up of a single cell. They live in and on our bodies. The only places that you will not find bacteria living in us are in our blood and spinal fluid (CDC, 2013). While many bacteria are beneficial to us and we could not live without them, a number of bacteria are harmful to us and cause diseases. Bacteria reproduce or replicate in just a number of hours, which leads them to evolve rapidly and smoothly adapt to their surroundings (Emerging, 2005). Bacteria are unique because they are able to transfer genes both vertically and horizontally (Wright, 2010). Common diseases that were caused by bacteria and resulted in death before antibiotics included rheumatic fever, syphilis, cellulitis, and bacterial pneumonia. Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial agents, are used to destroy or halt the growth of bacteria. Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by a scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928 (CDC, 2013). The new discovery of many antibiotics over the next several years led to an extraordinary revolution of medicine by considerably lowering the rate of death and illness from the d... ... middle of paper ... ...lnesses. Agricultural use of antibiotics plays a huge role in bacterial resistance no matter how they are intended to be used (Khachatourians, 1998). Half of the antibiotics that are used in the United States are used for caring for and breeding farm animals, which show the alarming degree that the agricultural setting is contributing to the problem. International efforts are needed to control this problem because it is not just present in the United States but rather is prevalent throughout the world. If international efforts are not combined the regulations and laws that could be put in place will not work because we travel all over the world and the disease will be spread through the mobility. A strategy needs to be put in place to downgrade and possibly terminate the use of antibiotics in ways other than to treat human illnesses and infections in animals.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that they will begin their paper by defining bacteria, define antibiotics, and explain the concept of bacterial resistance. they will finish by listing and explaining ideas that are being used now or will be used in the future.
- Explains that bacteria are organisms that are made up of a single cell and live in and on our bodies.
- Explains that antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial agents, are used to destroy or halt the growth of bacteria. penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by alexander fleming in 1928.
- Explains that antibiotics are used to target five major parts of the bacteria, including the cell wall, cell membrane, protein synthesis, dna and rna, and the folic acid metabolism.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that has been occurring since the use of antibiotics began. exposure to the antibiotic compounds are causing the bacteria to adapt to their environment.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance occurs through four different methods. the first method of resistance takes place when the target structure is modified, the second way that the bacteria become resistant to drugs comes from altering the method that is transferred into the cell.
- Explains that antibiotic use in agriculture has caused a transboarder resistance because the resistance starts in the animals and then is transferred to the human population.
- Explains that escherichia coli is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in agriculture. it is transmitted to humans through birds and fruits and vegetables.
- Explains that antibiotics are misused in many ways, which is a leading cause of bacterial resistance. patients and doctors contribute to the spreading of resistant bacteria.
- Explains that misdiagnosis leads to antibiotic resistance. prescribing antibiotics that aren't enough to kill bacteria lead to more resistant organisms. testing is needed to find out if the disease can be transmitted through the environment.
- Explains that poor sanitary practices in doctors' offices and hospital settings contribute to bacterial antibiotic resistance. poor sanitation practices, heavy antibiotic use, and contact with sick patients promote the spread of bacteria throughout the facilities.
- Explains that patients not complying with the appropriate instructions from their physicians contribute to the problem of antibiotic resistance. patients pressure their doctors into giving them antibiotics to treat illnesses when it is not bacterial.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance can be controlled by reducing the amount of antibiotics prescribed and limiting the bacteria's resistance.
- Opines that education is another idea that is believed to stop the widespread antibiotic resistant bacteria. physicians need to be properly trained on the appropriate antibiotics, the correct dosage of drugs, and the best length of time that the patient should consume.
- Opines that international efforts are needed to control the problem of bacterial resistance in the united states and around the world.
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- Bacterial Resistanceexplanatory essayBacterial Resistance Bacterial resistance is a problem that has profoundly impacted the medical community. Bacterial resistance results when bacteria become resistant to individual antibiotics through the development of specific defense mechanisms which render the antibiotic ineffective. This problem has become evident in recent years as numerous cases have been reported in which antibiotics are not effective against the bacteria that they have fought off for years. The recent troubles with bacterial resistance have caused panic throughout the United States. The pharmaceutical industry hasn’t been producing many antibiotics because they thought that the antibiotics they had created had solved many of the problems resulting from bacterial infections.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that bacterial resistance is a problem that has profoundly impacted the medical community.
- Explains that the discovery of penicillin in the 1940s proved to be the dawn of the antibiotic era.
- Explains the problem of bacterial resistance is rooted in the overuse of many antibiotics. both normal and mutant bacteria replicate at an astounding rate.
- Explains that tuberculosis is a disease that has been eradicated from industrialized nations such as the united states. the number of cases in which antibiotics are ineffective has risen significantly each year.
- Explains that the medical community has responded to the increasing threat of bacterial resistance, and the need for alternate solutions is evident.
638 wordsRead More - Antibiotic Resistance Essayexplanatory essayWhen antibiotics first began to see widespread American usage in the 1940’s, they were heralded as a miracle drug, a description that was not far from the mark considering the great number of debilitating or fatal illnesses that they could rapidly cure. In a time where bacterial diseases that today carry few serious health risks in healthy adults—such as strep throat, ear infections, syphilis, and wound infections—often led to serious debilitation or death, the invention of antibiotics was among the greatest single improvements in public health ever made. And today, more than three quarters of a century after Alexander Fleming discovered the antimicrobial properties of penicillin, antibiotics are as important as ever in maintaining a healthy population, from their ability to treat common infections to the safeguards they provide patients undergoing surgeries and other infection-prone procedures that could otherwise be too risky to perform. However, today many doctors and researchers are beginning to fear that this golden era of antibiotics may be coming to an end due to the ever-increasing threat of antibiotic resistance. There are a number of practices that contribute to increased antibiotic resistance, including the unnecessary prescription, improper dosage, and incorrect usage of antibiotic drugs by humans. But one of the major potential causes of antibiotic resistance does not involve human patients at all. Rather, many believe that the excessive use of antibiotics in food animals is among the leading threats to the future of human ability to fight bacterial infections.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that antibiotics are important in maintaining a healthy population, from their ability to treat common infections to the safeguards they provide patients undergoing surgeries.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance is a threat that has been theorized since the beginning of their medical uses.
- Explains the reasons why livestock producers use antibiotics on their animals. bacterial infections pose a number of threats to cattle producers.
- Explains that the use of antibiotics in livestock is not limited to treating infections that have already occurred. prophylactic use eliminates the need to monitor animals for signs of infection, and inhibits its spread.
- Explains that low-dosage usage of antibiotics in healthy animals is about the worst thing that can be done in terms of breeding antibiotic resistant bacteria.
1064 wordsRead More - The Problem of Antibiotic Resistanceexplanatory essayANTIBIOTIC Antibiotics are a term refers to substances produced by microorganisms that can harm and inhibit or destroy other microorganisms, specifically bacteria (15). Antibiotics can be produced naturally or unnaturally via pharmaceutical industries using large-scale processes of fermentation. The antibiotics discovery has been of great significance due to in many clinical settings the antibiotics generally are the best way to destroy bacteria which cause infections in humans and animals. In 1910, The Salvarsan use in the treatment of syphilis was the first application of antibiotics (15).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that can harm and inhibit or destroy other bacteria. the first antibiotic application was in 1910, followed by sulphonamides and penicillin.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance has increased in recent decades due to indiscriminate antibiotics use in medical and veterinary applications and domestic and agricultural use of pesticides.
- Explains that human use of antibiotics can lead to resistance in the environment through discharge of hospital wastewater, domestic sewage, and industrial effluents.
- Explains that industrial pollution affects on the incidence of antibiotic resistance, particularly contamination associated with pharmaceutical factories.
- Explains that the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria is impacted by some applications associated with livestock farming.
- Explains that the introducing of antibiotics and metal compounds into the environment by means of point source and non-point source pollution has selected for bacteria with various mechanisms to endure the toxic antibiotic impacts.
- Explains that antibiotics have been used to control and treat plants diseases associated with bacterial infections. manure application is the most common method of animal waste utilization.
1412 wordsRead More - Antibiotic Resistanceopinionated essay"Antibiotic Resistance" I. Abstract When penicillin was first administered in 1943, it proved to be extraordinary at wiping out nasty cases of syphilis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and meningitis infection. With the threat of these deadly infections in ‘check,’ pharmaceutical industries then cut back on their research to discover even more effective antibiotics. This new-found medical confidence inspired patients to merrily run to the clinic to get penicillin prescriptions for everything from nausea and diarrhea to running nose and sneezing, and doctors to happily prescribe the ‘miracle drug.’
In this essay, the author
- Explains how the pharmaceutical industry cut back on their research to discover even more effective antibiotics. however, microorganisms are evolving and developing unprecedented resistance to penicillin and other once potent drugs.
- Explains the primary function of antibiotics, which is to kill pathogens that threaten the health of the individual.
- Explains that bacteria have three basic ways to combat antibiotic attack, all involve some change in their dna.
- Argues that doctors are responsible for the development of resistant strains. some doctors blame managed care and cost-cutting tactics.
- Suggests legal interventions, pharmaceutical research, genomics, phage therapy, and ban the use of antibiotics in the growth of livestock.
- Opines that the government should educate the public about the dangers of antibiotic overuse and the methods by which drug-resistance can be prevented.
- Opines that consumers can protect themselves against e. coli infection by making sure meat is properly cooked.
3082 wordsRead More - Essay On Penicillinexplanatory essayCDC Office of Infectious Diseases (OID) (2013). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States. [online] p.15. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf#page=5 [Accessed 17 Oct.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that unless something changes in the near future, the power of penicillin could soon be diminished.
- Explains that before the discovery of penicillin, the only available treatments for bacterial infections were toxic; arsenic, sulpha, and quinine.
- Explains how fleming's publishing was discovered by ernst chain at oxford university, who persuaded howard florey to attempt to isolate the penicillin.
- Explains how florey convinced the us government to fund research on producing mass quantities of penicillin through the use of deep-tank fermentation.
- Explains that the molecular structure of penicillin was discovered by dorothy crowfoot hodgkin and robert burns woodward. both received nobel prizes for their efforts.
- Explains that the discovery of antibiotics had a huge impact on healthcare in the mid-20th century, and continues to carry on to the present day.
- Explains the difference in healthcare prior to penicillin use compared to recent years. in 1900, 30.4% of all deaths in humans were of children.
- Explains that penicillin's success is slowly becoming inoperative. some of the bacteria that antibiotics treat are actually becoming resistant to them, meaning they lose all power.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance has already caused a lot of damage, and it continues to spread.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance can spread from the bottom of the food chain to other human beings. crops can be sprayed with water or fertiliser which contain drug resistant bacteria.
- Explains that once antibiotic resistant bacteria enters the body, it is free to grow and take over the cell.
- Opines that the only way to slow down this pandemic from worsening, is for new antibiotics to be created, as resistance occurs in a natural process, meaning it will take time.
- Opines that antibiotic resistant infections will kill an extra 10 million people a year worldwide by 2050 unless more action is taken.
- Opines that these statistics cannot be considered accurate as they do not include the impact it would have on healthcare treatments if antibiotics no longer worked.
- Concludes that fleming's accidental discovery has had an immense impact on the lives of most humans worldwide for over half a century. extreme measures are needed to ensure that the power of antibiotic resistance bacteria starts to deteriorate.
- Explains that the discovery of penicillin—new insights after more than 75 years of clinical use.
- Cites walsh, f., kochanek, kd, murphy, and hoyert dl. superbugs kill'more than cancer'.
- Explains that cdc office of infectious diseases (oid) (2013). antibiotic resistance threats in the united states.
1606 wordsRead More - Why Disease-Causing Bacteria Are Resistant to Antibiotics and What the Medical Profession in South Africa is Doing About Itexplanatory essayDiscuss why disease-causing bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and what can the medical profession in South Africa do about it?
In this essay, the author
- Explains that an antibiotic must be taken for long enough to kill all the bacteria including the stronger bacteria. many people stop taking antibiotics as soon as they feel better.
- Explains that antibiotics do not affect viruses and therefore doctors shouldn't prescribe them for viral infections such as the common cold or flu. if you take an antibiotic unnecessarily, your body will react to the antibiotic.
- Explains that if you take too many antibiotics for too long, some bacteria may find a way over time of becoming resistant.
- Explains that there are different antibiotics available and each one is used to fight a specific infection. oxytetracycline works for acne but doesn't work for throat infections caused by streptococcus.
- Explains why disease-causing bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and what the medical profession in south africa can do about it.
- Opines that the medical profession is best placed to ensure bacteria do not become resistant to antibiotics.
- Opines that drug-resistant bacteria is a growing health problem. joanne marie, "what happens to digestion when good bacteria in the body are..." 2012.
- Opines that drug-resistant bacteria is a growing health problem. joanne marie, "what happens to digestion when good bacteria in the body are..." 2012.
1021 wordsRead More - Superbugs Essayexplanatory essayBacterial resistance to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs give the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transfer (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that antibiotic resistance presents many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance arises from mutations that are not under the control of humans, but the evolution of bacteria has been sped along by the overexposure of antibiotics to both people and animals.
- Explains that antibiotics began in the 1940s with the discovery of the penicillum fungi’s ability to kill off bacteria. the drug became widely used as a miracle drug to cure and prevent illnesses.
- Explains that many solutions to the problem of antibiotic resistance have been proposed, but the issue has yet to be solved.
- Explains that fecal bacteriotherapy is an alternative method for treating clostridium difficile infections, but other antibiotic-resistant infections can be cured using it.
- Explains that fecal bacteriotherapy requires the donation of healthy samples from donors who have not taken antibiotics in the preceding 3 months.
2729 wordsRead More - Antibiotic Resistance Essayopinionated essaySome nights I lay awake thinking about the future—thinking about the cities that haven’t been built, the planets that haven’t been found, and the people that I will never get to meet. I am scared for those people.
In this essay, the author
- Narrates how they lay awake thinking about the future and the people they will never meet.
- Explains that alexander fleming discovered the first natural antibiotic: penicillin, which was effective against syphilis and infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci
- Explains that the who's first global report on antimicrobial resistance, released wednesday, says a post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, is real for the 21st century.
- Explains that estimates in the u.s. suggest 2 million people get antibiotic-resistance infections each year, and at least 23,000 die because current drugs no longer stop their infections. the who cannot provide global statistics because many countries have no estimates.
- Explains that antibiotic resistance is resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial drug that was originally effective for treatment of infections caused by it.
- Opines that the trend of combating minor injuries with unnecessary interventions must stop.
- Opines that an untended cut or scrape may result in a stay at the hospital.
- Opines that if i've scared you to the point where are considering your options moving forward, bravo people. you're the ones that are going to make me slightly less concerned for human civilization.
- Opines that the body is a wondrous thing, capable of fighting off minor bacterial infections on their own.
- Advises the health care force to prescribe the right antibiotic to treat the illness. only prescribe and dispense antibiotics when they are truly needed.
- Urges policymakers to foster innovation, research and development of new tools, and promote cooperation and information sharing among stakeholders. this issue affects everyone on the globe, no matter the size of their wallet.
- Opines that if public health policy becomes as serious as it has the potential to become, our lives will fundamentally change. we must work together to solve this problem.
643 wordsRead More - Antibiotic Resistance In Poultryexplanatory essayThe meat and poultry that we buy from supermarket are not resistant to antibiotics anymore. An antibiotic resistant occurs when antibiotic is used and bacteria can resist to the antibiotic and have more chance to survive.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that meat and poultry that we buy from supermarkets are not resistant to antibiotics anymore. an antibiotic resistant occurs when antibiotic is used and bacteria can resist to the antibiotic.
- Explains that in 2011, drug makers sold nearly 30 million pounds of antibiotics for livestock and 80% of them were provided to livestock.
324 wordsRead More - Antibiotic Resistance And Antibioticsexplanatory essayAn antibiotic might be described as an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. Antibiotics if are used frequently for things they can’t treat—like colds or other viral infections—they can stop working effectively against bacterial infections. This phenomenon is known as antibiotic resistance, and is a direct result of antibiotic overuse. (Bruno, 2014)
In this essay, the author
- Describes an antibiotic as an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. antibiotics used frequently for things they can't treat, can stop working effectively against bacteria infections.
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- Explains that shiitake is native to east asia (china, japan, and korea).
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