Introduction:
Bacteria:
Bacteraia are tiny living orgaaisnisms, they are not plants nor animals.bacteria belongs to a group all by themselves, thats why they are said “organisms (single celled)” whose cells differ from thoses of other living things. It can be seen Under a microscope,thry are so small, Bacterial comes in 3 main shapes, spherical (like a ball) this bacteria are usually the simplest one. Bacteria shaped like this are called Cocci (Singular Coccus). Another shape are the rod shaped-this shape are known as Bacilli (Singular Bacilli). Some of the rod-shaped bacteria are curved,these are known as Vibrio. Another bacteria shape is spiral they are known s Spirilla (Singular spirillus).Most of the bacteria won't hurt you, only less than 1 percent of many kinds make people sick. Many of them are helpful. Some of bacteria help you to digest food, destroy cells, it also gives the body needed vitamins which it needs, also Bacteria is used in making fresh and healthy foods like yogurt and cheese.
Also infectious bacteria can make you ill, because They reproduce quickly in your body. Many of them give off chemicals that is named toxins, that can damage tissue and make you sick. There are bacteria that cause infections disease and many more. Antibiotics are like the usual treatment to have.every time you take you tablet- antibiotics, you will have chances that bacteria in your body will fight them. Later, you could get or spread an infection that those antibiotics cannot cure.
Bacteria are found everywhere: Soil, radioactive waste, water, plants, animals, earthcrust,organic material, artic ice, etc. Bacterial cells do not have the nucleus or other organelles They only have Ribsomes,They have pilli, Glagella and a cell capsule n...
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...that do manage to get it
Temperature: temperature that are to cold can make it very difficult for bacteria to carry out their life process. Bacteria can be frozen or chilled and continue to survive but they will not be able to feed or caryy out respirarion to gain energy. Without energy firstly bacteria cannot continue to reproduce.Hight temperatures do kill bacteria.
PH: Microorganisms also have an optimum PH.If PH of its environment is too different to its optimum PH, Then microorganisms may not survive.
TB-Tuberculosis
Tubercolosis is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium, it is potentially a serious infectious disease that can affect any part of your body but it mainly affects your lungs, and makes you sick it can also affect organs in the central nervous system, lympathic system and circulatory system. The good thing is that tubercolosis is curable and preventable
What do bacteria need to grow? For bacteria to grow the most typical thing that they like ate a warm and moist environment, but that is not all that they like. Bacteria also like and environment with a PH that is normal or close to a human PH and bacteria also like an oxygen rich environment. The places that could be common to find bacteria in a building are a keyboard, a water fountain, and restrooms. A keyboard is a common place for bacteria because it is being touched constantly with hands when people type and hands are warm, so bacteria like them. The water fountain is another place that is common for bacteria to grow because people's warm hands are touching it and also it has water, which causes it to be moist. The last place that bacteria will we commonly found in buildings are restrooms. The bacteria like restrooms because many people are in then and also there is a lot of water in them.
Bacteria can function and reproduce as single cells but often combine into multicellular colonies. Bacteria are also surrounded by a cell wall. Archaea differ from bacteria in their genetics and biochemistry. Their cell membranes are made with different material than bacteria.
Bacteria play a large role in our health, the environment, and most aspects of life. They can be used in beneficial ways, such as decomposing wastes, enhancing fertilizer for crops, and breaking down of substances that our bodies cannot. However, many bacteria can also be very harmful by causing disease. Understanding how to identify bacteria has numerous applications and is incredibly important for anyone planning to enter the medical field or begin a career in research. Having the background knowledge of identifying an unknown bacteria may one day aid healthcare professionals diagnose their patient with a particular bacterial infection or help researchers determine various clinical, agricultural, and numerous other uses for bacteria.
E. coli are bacteria that can cause an infection in various parts of your body, including your intestines. E. coli bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals. Most types of E. coli do not cause infections, but some produce a poison (toxin) that can cause diarrhea. Depending on the toxin, this can cause mild or severe diarrhea.
Signs and Symptoms of Active Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) is a slender, rod-shaped, aerobic bacillus which causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborn infection which is transmitted via inhaling droplet nuclei circulating in the air. These droplets are expelled from the respiratory secretion of people who have active TB through coughing, sneezing, and talking (Porth, 2011). Some bacilli stay in the upper airway and are swept out by mucus-secreting goblet cells and cilia on the surface of the airway.
No matter what, where, or who you are, water is a necessary component to keeping any organism alive. Although water is essential for life, in many places, clean drinking water is hard to find. There are many consequences to drinking contaminated water. Every year, three to five million people are attacked by water-borne diseases and over 100,000 of them die. One fatal disease that can kill within hours is cholera.
Bacterial fossils have been discovered that date back 3.5 billion years ago. There are over 5,000 different species of bacteria known, many of which are harmful or pathogenic (i.e. can cause disease) and some of which are beneficial and can have many uses, for example, the bacterial species Lactobacillus is used in the production of cheese and yoghurt. The bacteria Bifidobacterium adolescentis is used for yoghurt making and Brevibacterium aurantiacum is used for cheese making. Also yeast is used in the production of beers and alcohols like wine and it also plays a role in bread rising. As well as bacteria being used for food production there are also many types of bacteria used in medicine production with nearly a different bacteria used for each different disease contractible in humans, for example the bacteria Moraxella lacunta is used to produce medicine for conjunctivitis and Klebsiellapneumoniae would be used to produce medicine for pneumonia.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs give the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transfer (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals.
These tiny organisms include Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi and Protists. Bacteria and Fungi are a commonly known form of microbe unlike Archaea which are similar to bacteria but appear to have some traits which are not present in any true bacteria. Protists include different types of mold and algae.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Prescott, Harley & Klein (1990) describe bacteria as prokaryotic cells (cells that lack a true membrane enclosed nucleus). Bacteria are both small and simple in structure; they usually are between o.5 and 5cmm yet they have many characteristic shapes and sizes. Some bacteria are circular or oval shaped, they are known as cocci bacteria. Other bacteria are rod-shaped, they are known as bacilli bacteria, and some bacteria are spiral and coil-shaped and it is know as spirilla bacteria.
Bacteria are single celled microbes. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. In this process, the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary
Microbes are everywhere in the biosphere, and their presence invariably affects the environment in which they grow. The effects
When you hear the word bacteria the first thing that might come to mind would be a germ. Although there can be many harmful types of bacteria, it is an essential part of life. Bacterium is all over...
They also grow faster then they can replicate their DNA. Microorganism have many layers. The cell wall, which is made of peptidoglycan gives each species its different shape. From the inside of the cell to the outside there is the inner membrane; also known as the plasma membrane.Next, comes the cell wall. Finally, there is the outer membrane and envelope. The microorganism’s shape is determined on the envelope (Properties of Microbes)