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a thesis for essay about womens right in afghanistan
gender societal norms
GENDER EQUALITY in pakistan
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Kabul is a place where the majority of parents desperately hope for a son and cry if a daughter is born. Bacha posh are girls who disguise themselves as boys-- a temporary and practical solution in a society where women are seen as inferior. Although having a bacha posh in the family can have many upsides, often times there are struggles that come along with this hidden tradition. It is important to recognize the positives and negatives of those experience being a bacha posh for several reasons.
Afghan parents have various reasons as to why they decide to disguise their daughters as a son. Giving birth to a son is typically a mother 's ultimate goal in Kabul. There is a superstition of which if the family has a bacha posh, luck will be brought
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In Afghanistan, boys have a much greater chance than women to receive higher education and to go on to a more important job. This is often because it is even hard for men to obtain an education. Furthermore, the son(s) in the family typically get put first such as food, clothes, voicing their opinion-- and of course education. Bacha posh can receive an education usually up until they have to switch back to their role as a woman after puberty. In addition, there are more opportunities to work for women as a bacha posh. Women 's housework in Afghanistan is similar to those that women had to do in the United States in the 19th century and early 20th century. Azita had to take care of the cows, ten sheep, and a flock of chickens (Nordberg 78). Other tasks include taking care of the children, hauling water, and cooking dinner for the family. Bacha poshs working roles were different. Instead of needing to stay in the house and help their mother, they could work at businesses and interact with other people in the community. Females are not allowed to go outside unless they are escorted by another man, especially during times of war. Or in this case, a bacha posh. Bacha posh children can be helpful when their sisters need a male to take them places as they do not need a brother or father to accompany them (Nordberg 103). CONCLUDING
Back then, it was unacceptable for a woman to take care of a man. However, that belief no longer exists because education is now deemed important. Having a woman help in the house can help meet the bills. Moreover, when kibar families started sending their daughters to school, the community no longer considered educating women a disgrace. The kibar are families whose wealth has been passed on for generations, who live together in a large complex, and share a budget (Meneley 1996: 64-65). In other words, kibar’s financial status can be the equivalent of rich people in the United States. As a result, of the community moving forward, as well as, their views towards kibar families, Zabidi women’ roles have transformed from a passive to an active role inside and outside the household.
Some of these marriages are extremely dysfunctional while others seem to be practical. These marriages are considered different from forced marriages and are an acceptable type of marriage in Afghan society. Some arranged marriages lead to poor or horrific outcomes for the brides in order to separate from her spouse. Occasionally these marriages shift into being forced marriages. In the article “Afghan girls bound by family betrothals” the author states “In Kapisa province, just north of Kabul, an 18-year-old girl shot and killed herself because her family would not break off her three-year-engagement to a drug addict.” This exhibits how certain family’s decisions for their children are atrocious. In addition it shows how an arranged marriage turned into a forced marriage. At times young women may run away from as a threat tactic to their family reported by the article “Afghan girls bound by family betrothals.” A 17-year-old girl who ran away from her home for a few days resulted in her parents letting her marry the man that she loved rather than who they set her up with. This shows how some parents would be tolerant enough to let his own daughter marry the person she
This book by A. Widney Brown and LeShawn R.Jefferson reflects on the negative impacts of different Talib decrees on the overall development Afghan women.
The Taliban has made education unattainable for Afghan women. Although Joya had set up secret schools for women, they all lived in fear and risked being punished for trying to gain knowledge. At this same time period between the late 20th and early 21st century, in contrast, women of the West were given the same amount of education as men. This provided the women with the knowledge to have a better chance at getting involved in politics and making a difference in gender equality. At this point, the women in Afghanistan, without the knowledge of law or politics, had only the agency to know that they have an entitlement to be treated like humans that are able to make their own decisions just as men are. Despite the limited agency due to their lack of education, Afghan women were overall better equipped to fight for their rights as opposed to the US government. This is especially true when considering the Afghan women’s major goal in contrast to the United State’s focus. The Afghan women’s major concern was the liberation of women, while the United States centered their intervention on improving the stability and economic growth of Afghanistan “lecture”. As it can be seen throughout the Second Wave of feminism in the US, women acquired rights by working together in collective groups demanding equal job opportunities and political representation (Ewig
What if you risked being assaulted every time you left your home? How would you feel if your husband was in control of every aspect of your life? Afghanistan women encounter both of these circumstances on a day-to-day basis. Many are faced with physical and emotional abuse by their husbands and families. Women’s rights in Afghanistan were majorly affected by the rule of the Taliban, a government group who stripped women of their human rights, established discriminating laws, and whose legacy still affects Afghan women today.
From the 1950’s until around 1985 the Soviet Union had Afghanistan under its control. This Soviet involvement in Afghanistan caused the ideologies of communism to spread into the Afghanistan culture. One of the communistic ideas that were assimilated into was the thought that every person is equal. This idea made life a lot easier for the women of Afghanistan. One of the freedoms they were given under Soviet control was the allowance of woman being educated, “The government had sponsored literacy classes for all women. Almost two-thirds of the students at Kabul University were women now… women who were studying law, medicine, engineering” (135) Hosseini expresses this through the character Laila. Laila’s father, Babi, was a professor and strongly urged the necessity for Laila to get an education. He was so dedicated that he would help out Laila with her homework every night. Hosseini expressed this when Laila claimed “Babi thought that the one thing that communists had done right- or at least intended to- ironically, was in the filed of education… More specifically the education of women.” (135). To Babi there was nothing more impertinent than the education of woman in Afghanistan. He knew that when half the population is illiterate the country cannot properly aspire to new and better things. Along with the new right to learn, women’s requirement to cover their skin was relaxed all throughout Afghanistan. ...
“The practice of Walwar has sometime been criticized as a sort of business transaction or selling of the girl. This criticism is based on ignorance of problem of the tribesmen. As per Afridi’s statement in the Pashtoon society the walwar does not mean that the girl is sold out like a marketable commodity or she is an “economic asset”. Actually, idea is to provide some financial relief to the girl’s parents
As shown in the movie, Enemies of Happiness ( ) Afghan women are still suffering from planned and child bride marriages. Even though marriages of females below the age of 16 are outlawed by the constitution, this movie clearly shows that this continues to happen. As well does the reading from the introduction of Afghan Women in this quote “Afghan authorities do not investigate women’s complaints” (Rostami-Povey 2). More proof comes from the Ms Magazine article Stones can’t Stop Them, when in April of 2009 the President of Afghanistan signed the Shia Personal Status Law, that included, recognizing child marriages (Tang 21). And although this law was later withdrawn, it shows that oppressive thinking that is still going on in the Afghanistan culture today.
Imagine seeing a girl no older than eight years old, being forced into marriage to a man twice her age. For many girls around the world being forced into marriage to much older men is an everyday occurrence in their lives. The word “arranged” is not usually associated with the word “forced” but in cases like these the girls have no choice but to agree to marry. Arranged marriages are deeply imbedded into the cultures of some countries with girls being promised into marriage when they are as young as a month old and marrying before they reach maturity. About a third of the women married in developing countries are married before they were eighteen years of age. In Afghanistan, 43 percent of brides from 2000 to 2008 were married before the age of eighteen and the number has risen due to poverty and problems the country is facing (Norland and Rubin 1). In developing countries such as Yemen, India, and Afghanistan, the practice of early arranged marriages is outlawed in their countries’ constitutions. Any such marriages take place illegally or under the radar of the law (Gorney 1). Afghan women and girls are being forced into arranged marriages to settle things such as debt and to secure stable futures for themselves or their families. Often these girls are targets for physical and mental abuse with little or no way out. Therefore, there should be more Muslim organizations that dedicate themselves to the education of the Afghan people about the physical and emotional effects of forcing young girls into marriage and ways to improve the lives of Afghan girls.
"Life as an Afghan Woman." Trust in Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. .
Before the rise of the Taliban in the early 1990s, women in Afghanistan were mostly treated as equals and with respect. Though women were still expected to be submissive to their husbands, the mother in a family would play a key role in family decisions such as who a son should marry (“Society and Norms”). The “Taliban regime cruelly reduced women and girls to poverty, worsened their health, and deprived them of their right to an education” (“The Taliban’s War Against Women”). Due to the Taliban’s oppressive presence, women are seen as below men. In The Kite Runner, Amir’s wife Soraya is still under her father’s authority, even though the family is no longer in Afghanistan. While Soraya’s position is due in part to the traditional Afghan culture, it may also represent how Taliban values and beliefs have infiltrated into everyday lives of Afghan people in some form or another (Hosseini).
Women in Afghanistan don’t have as much freedom or no rights compared to the men in their country. Men are seen as strong ,controlling and Powerful. They often say that women are treated worse than the animals. Women are not treated really well in Afghanistan Men and Women should be treated the same.Hopefully one day we will see the rights and responsibilities change and women are valued as much as men
Bacha Bazi is a very popular form of child abuse. Bacha Bazi is when men kidnap young men and dress them up as women and force them to dance at parties and big events as a source of entertainment. After the event, the young men are taken home with the older men and are raped. The effect on the men committing the crime is very minimal. These criminals still practice and spread Islam without any regret or problem as if nothing is even occurring. Because Bacha Bazi is so common, most of the male population in the Middle East live with psychological scars due to sexual abuse as a child. As many as 50 percent of men in Afghanistan take young men as lovers. Bacha Bazi is usually performed in secret to avoid any type of punishment. The government understands that it is happening but fail to do anything about it due to the citizens beliefs and religions. The eldest citizens are defending their belief that it has occurred for centuries, and they are completely accustomed to it so why would they change it? But Bacha Bazi is not the only abuse occurring. (Mondloch)
Cultures may believe in the internal control over nature, which impacts the decision of looking for health care (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002). In the Dressmaker of Khair Khana the pursue for health care assistance in Kabul was a disparity because, the civil war had destroyed most of the medical facilities and hospitals (Lemmon, 2011, p.142). Moreover, as a result doctors and surgeons regularly worked without even the basics such as clean water, bandages and antiseptics, “anesthesia was a luxury” (Lemmon, 2011, p.142). However, when the Taliban 's took over the streets of Afghanistan, they ordered hospitals like other institution to be segregated by gender. Women physicians were restricted to treat only females. Due to the new rules in Kabul, it was difficult to find a female doctor to assist women because most of them choose to leave the capital. However, Dr. Maryam was a female doctor working in a private clinic aside from her work at the hospital in order to support her family. As stated in Kamila’s introduction of her family, Malika was her oldest sister and she was recently gave birth to twin girls. In the book Malika state that she was lucky to find a female doctor to assist her premature babies because in Kabul it was common that women gave birth in their bedrooms without the benefit of professional help (Lemmon, 2011,
Arranging a marriage for a young girl is a simple way for the family to collect dowry money. For families living in poverty this is something they looked forward to since the birth of their daughter. Furthermore, having one less mouth to feed makes supporting the remaining children less demanding on the parents. In addition to financial reasons for the practice, in times of war an arranged marriage is a way to ensure that the child bride remains safe and out of harms way. An important aspect of most religions is purity. “The very idea that young women have a right to select their own partners—that