B E C: The New Phase of Matter
A new phase of matter has been discovered seventy years after Albert
Einstein predicted it's existence. In this new state of matter, atoms do not move around like they would in an ordinary gas condensate. The atoms move in lock step with one another and have identical quantum properties. This will make it easier for physicists to research the mysterious properties of quantum mechanics. It was named "Molecule of the Year" because it was such a major discovery, but it is not a molecule at all. The phase, called the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) follows the laws of quantum physics.
In early 1995, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology and the University of Colorado were the first to uncover the BEC.
They magnetically trapped rubidium atoms and then supercooled the atoms to almost absolute zero. The graphic on the cover shows the Bose-Einstien condensation, where the atom's velocities peak at close to zero velocity, and the atoms slowly emerge from the condensate. The atoms were slowed to the low velocity by using laser beams. The hardware needed to create the BEC is a bargain at $50,000 to $1000,000 which makes it accessible to physics labs around the world.
The next step is to test the new phase of matter. We do not know yet if it absorbs, reflects,or refracts light. BEC is related to superconductivity and may unlock some mysteries of why some minerals are able to conduct electricity without resistance. The asymmetrical pattern of BEC is is thought by some astrophysicists to explain the bumpy distribution of matter in the early universe, a distribution that eventually led to the formation of galaxies.
Physicists are working on creating an atom laser, using new technology derived from the BEC. The new lasers would be able to create etchings finer than those that etch silicon chips today.
www.sikhs.org- Details this Indian philosophy's teachings, emblems and ceremonies and festivals. Includes translated scriptures and contemporary articles.
In her essay, “The Fourth State of Matter”, Jo Ann Beard ruminates over the idea of plasma as a state of matter while dealing with the disintegration of her marriage, the death of her dog, and the violent deaths of her friend and colleagues. The tone, dialogue, and reflections in her essay mirror the detached bewilderment Beard feels while trying to make sense of the loss around her.
Darwin: A Norton Critical Edition, Second Edition ; ed. by Philip Appleman; copyright 1979, 1970 by W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Although the atomic theory was developed in increments, George Johnston Stoney is most famous for contributing the term electron: fundamental unit quantity of electricity. Stoney would develop the concept fourteen years before he coined the term electron. He also made contributions to the theory of gasses, cosmic physics, and estimated the number of molecules in a cubic millimeter of gas.
Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist who was born in Shrewsbury, England on February 12, 1809. He was the second youngest of six children. Before Charles Darwin, there were many scientists throughout his family. His father, Dr. Robert Darwin, was a medical doctor, and his grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, was a well-known botanist. Darwin’s mother, Susannah Darwin, died when he was only eight years old. Darwin was a child that came from wealth and privilege and who loved to explore nature. In October 1825 at age sixteen, Darwin enrolled at Edinburgh University with his brother Erasmus. Two years later, Charles became a student at Christ’s College in Cambridge. His father wanted him to become a medical doctor, as he was, but since the sight of blood made Darwin nauseous, he refused. His father also proposed that he become a priest, but since Charles was far more interested in natural history, he had other ideas in mind (Dao, 2009)
Similar examples can be found in physics. Prior to the Michelson-Morley Experiment of 1887, which showed the constant speed of light, the experiments of FitzGerald and Lorentz, which explained the constant speed of light as the contraction of bodies and slowing of clocks, and the subsequent conclusion by Einstein that electromagnetic waves do not require a medium, scientists felt that light required a medium, and thus one was invented-ether (Hawking). These experiments demonstrate yet another aspect of a personal point of view in the pursuit of knowledge; the fact that despite the assumptions a personal point of view brings into a study, such as FitzGerald’s and Lorentz’s assumption that ether did, in fact, exist, knowledge can still be gained from such a study. Despite their assumption, they contributed, through their experiments, the knowledge that light does travel at a set speed. Thus, even when associated with false assumptions brought into an experiment, personal points of view are not always negative.
"Charles Darwin: The Father of Evolution." Darwin1. University of Missouri, n.d. Web. 04 May 2014.
I chose the books titled, “Thirty Years That Shook Physics,” by the quite illustrious Dr. George Gamow for my third quarter physics related book review. George Gamow certainly lived up to his own name by his depth of knowledge in his various explanations of the most productive thirty years in Physics history throughout the novel. The two hundred paged book George Gamow wrote, which covers ten complete chapters of detailed analyzes of the basic laws of physics and why these various laws made this time period the most productive years in physics history. Though since my quarter two physics related book review was by Dr. George Gamow also, I will not be getting into a biographical sketch of
Anyone with even a moderate background in science has heard of Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution. Since the publishing of his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, Darwin’s ideas have been debated by everyone from scientists to theologians to ordinary lay-people. Today, though there is still severe opposition, evolution is regarded as fact by most of the scientific community and Darwin’s book remains one of the most influential ever written.
The Ultimate Nature of Matter. The theory of quantum mechanics has divided the atom into a number of fundamental sub-atomic particles. Although the physicist has shown that the atom is not a solid indivisible object, he has not been able to find a particle which does possess those qualities. Talk of particles, though, is misleading because the word suggests a material object.
Loss can leave us with the feeling that we are no longer in control of our lives, a strong feeling of instability. We must understand our loss to cope and deal with what has happened. Jo Ann Beard the narrator and author of “The Fourth State of Matter” struggles with several losses throughout the text. She appears to deal with her instability by caring for her aged dog as if she was a sick child, when in reality Beard just wants her problems to disappear. When faced with a complication a difficult choice must be made, to do nothing in hopes the problem will resolve itself or face it head-on. When pretending the problem doesn't exist or similarly telling yourself it will go back to how it was, simply allows
Darwin’s observations from the islands made him want to come up with some explanation to why this occurred. He began to do research of each the species that had lived on these islands and observe all of the characteristics that had. He noticed that the islands h...
Particle Physics plays an important role in attempting to answer many modern cosmological theories, notably: dark matter, structure formation, baryogenesis and nucleosynthesis. I am going to discuss some of connections between particle physics and cosmology and investigate how experimental particle physics and cosmology can complement each other and how dependable the connections are.
I guess we will have to wait and see what secrets of the universe the collider unravels.
New inventions are created daily; however, it is those that truly change the world that are remembered. The use and discovery of atomic energy negatively impacts the world because of the danger it entails. Many people across the world believe that the use of atomic energy is a mistake based off of past events that have occurred such as the bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The abuse of atomic energy has been proven to damage society’s morale, population and could potentially destroy entire populations.