1. INTRODUCTION
A radar system to be used in this modernised world of aviation has to be efficient and reliable. The system has to accommodate the endless flow of air traffic all day without any failure that would otherwise hinder the flow of air traffic, causing not only the airline but the airport itself to lose money. As such, the radar system chosen for this assignment is the latest model of CAAS’ Long Range Radar and Display System (LORADS) III, suited to meet the operational requirements of Singapore. This radar system has been operational since 16th October 2013, and costs more than $300 milion. This radar is based on Thales’ TopSky ATC system, one of the world’s leading Technology Company providing services for airspace security.
2. THE RADAR SYSTEM
2.1 Capabilities
LORADS III comprises of the Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) and Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR). The PSR works by transmitting high-frequency pulses which would be reflected by the aircraft and be received by the same radar. The SSR works slightly differently; the pulses are not reflected, but received by the aircraft through a transponder which processes the signal. The aircraft would then “answer” through a signal and is transmitted back to the radar.
Deployed by the CAAS for mainly terminal and approach control, LORADS III features advanced technology such as flight-data processing, approach sequencing and controller-pilot data link communications. It is equipped with surveillance sources like ADS-B, which allows extended surveillance coverage for parts of the airspace, reducing aircraft separation and increasing capacity of busy air routes.
The surveillance features allow the radar to track up to 2000 planes at within 500 nautical miles at any one...
... middle of paper ...
...d descent as close as possible to the ETA (suitably within 30 minutes) from the flight plan. During this 30 minutes, the ATC would reserve airspace at the aircraft’s flight level and below. Regardless, contact with ATC should be made ASAP after landing.
4. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, LORADS III, along with its technological advances, allows ATC to work more effectively to achieve greater efficiency in Singapore’s FIR.
Radars play a vital role in today’s air traffic operations and failure or absence of such would result in severe delays to the smooth, normal and efficient operations of air traffic operations. It is no doubt unarguable that modern air traffic control requires the aid of radars to achieve the level of efficiency they are executing today. Given the rapid growth of the aviation industry, radars are not expected to go out of use in the near future.
...ferent aircraft in teams. Together, it is very hard to detect, deny, and destroy these fighters. Maybe there should be an equal investment across multiple platforms so that the threat the U.S. possess is less likely to be contested when conducting operations.
PRECISION ENGAGEMENT provides NORAD the capability to precisely engage threats throughout the full range of our surveillance coverage to ensure off-shore threat engagement well before air and space weapons threaten Canadian or American citizens. This requires agile platforms with lethal munitions to enage targets more responsively and accurately from longer distances and precise, immediate operational assessments with the agility to re-engage if required. The system will include a flexible, near real-time targeting architecture, including space-based wide area surveillance, rapid identification, tracking, and near real-time sensor to shooter links.
Gulf War Debriefing Book." Hellgate Press/PSI Research of Oregon. 1997 Department of the Army. TM 9-1430-601-10-1. Operator's Manual for Radar Set, Semitrailer Mounted: AN/MPQ-53.
The North American Aerospace Defense Command consists of three joint radar systems: the Pinetree Line, McGill Fence, and Distant Early Warning Line (DEW Line).... ... middle of paper ... ... The systems of radars and underwater listening posts, such as NORAD and the SOSUS, were some of the most advanced detection systems of the United States during the Cold War and today.
Reading, Gwem. "Radar Operator in WW2." Letter. 8 Nov. 2003. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. BBC WW2 People's War. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
The invention of radar had a huge impact on many military operations, whether or not it was the United States Military or other countries. Radar was used to detect distant objects by receiving radio waves that are reflected from the object. (Foley 4)This helped air control personnel at the naval base of Pearl Harbor know that something was on its way to it. If the reader does not think about radar, where would the people be to this day? Attacks would be even more of a surprise. It would be harder for America to find their own military personnel and identify friendly or enemy vehicles. Radar has come a long way throughout the years.
...designed to simulate the effect of radar waves on different surfaces (CentannialOfFlight.gov). this was a marked advancement in stealth technology, because for the first time scientists realized that utilizing faceted surfaces, they could scatter almost all radar waves the hit an object away from the source thus making the said object invisible to radar detection, or nearly so. In 1977, this discovery was utilized in a new airframe for the F-117 Nighthawk. This new plane was designed entirely to avoid enemy electronic detection. With a revolutionary faceted design coated with RAM, or radar absorbent materials, the new plane was near-invisible to radar detection, and a new type of exhaust system lessened the heat trail coming from the plane’s engines, making for the first time an aircraft with a minimal infrared signature in addition to its minimal radar signature.
The Tomahawk cruise missile (the BGM-109) is a 20-foot-long weapon costing $1.3 million. A booster rocket shoots the missile off a ship or submarine. Then the small turbofan engine takes over and the missile jets toward land, directed by its “internal guidance system” which uses sensors and gyroscopes to measure acceleration and changes in direction. Once the missile crosses the shoreline, a more precise guidance method, TERCOM takes over. TERCOM scans the landscape at set checkpoints, taking altitude readings and comparing them to map data in its own computer memory. The missiles moves at about 550 miles per hour, and can make twists and turns like a radar evading fighter plane, all the while skimming over the land at 100 feet to 300 feet.
...yone wants. Radar is also frequently used by law enforcement for the detection of speeds to see if passing motorists are speeding.
- - -, dir. “Tactical Air Control Party Specialist (TACP).” U.S. Air Force. U.S. Air Force, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2012. .
Continued growth of air travel and recent advances in new technologies for navigation, and communication have led to the proposals by FAA. Air Traffic Controllers direct planes on both the ground and in the air to prevent collisions. The main goal of ATC is the management of Air Traffic movements and ensure to keep safe distance from one another. Several of the ATC’s are engaged at the Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA is located in Herndon, Virginia. Federal Aviation Administration is the main controller of the air traffic system. Now FAA is known as National Airspace System. There are thousands of people who are flying in air system, are controlled by Air Traffic Control. This system takes responsibility of leaving thousands of passengers safely and leave to their gate. This is one of the most stressful job in the world. In many countries, ATC provide services to all private, military and commercial aircraft.
The use of drones as weapons of war and delivery and surveillance systems should not be dismissed because many people do not realize the real capabilities of drones and how they can be used to better the world through efficient air strikes, faster delivery times, and useful surveillance. Some of the most common misconceptions about drones arise due to the lack of knowledge about what drones are. A drone is a remote controlled, pilotless aircraft that can be used to survey an area, conduct stealth missions, and deliver supplies into difficult to reach areas (Drone). Unmanned aircraft are also, contrary to popular belief, not solely machines that kill without even a thought to who is being fired upon. They have proved to be effective surveillance units in areas that may be dangerous for manned aircraft to fly, along with the potential to be reliable delivery units (Drones).
At the end of this development, we find the missiles. They now unite all features and we can even guide them to their target.
This new technology helps the commanding officers know what is going on by that they can be back at there command base and watch raids unfold on large screens and watch real time footage. This allows them to know what exactly what is taking place.
In today’s modern world, faster and faster are the world’s strongest nations developing new and advanced technologies for the future. Where they all start is in the government’s military field, where they search, and discover new innovations every day.