In today’s manufacturing system, the disturbances such as tool wear, breakdown of machines, and malfunctions of robotic systems, significantly affect the productivity and cost of the products. These disturbances generally bring disruptions to operation of the manufacturing systems, especially the conventional manufacturing systems. These unplanned disturbances in manufacturing systems are commonly related to recovering time and inability to recover. Those can be classified by internal and external disturbances. Examples for internal disturbances are control system, equipment, material handling and labor; while for external disturbances are order process, stocks and suppliers [1,2]. Because of these disturbances, manufacturing companies came up with idea of adapting ‘autonomous’ into manufacturing systems. The manufacturing system should have the abilities to respond rapidly to the disturbances, and to recover autonomously. This would keep the operations of the manufacturing system running and prevents it from stopping completely. Autonomy, besides reconfiguration, is the criteria for adapting to the disturbances intelligently and effectively[1,2]. This new trend of applying autonomous behavior in the manufacturing system development is called the Autonomous Manufacturing System (AMS) [2].
This review paper concentrates on the autonomous concepts for manufacturing processes. After this introduction, the paper is structured as follows: section 2 deals with overview on principles of autonomy, section 3 presents the state of the art on the levels of an manufacturing and assembly system related to the Autonomous Manufacturing System, section 4 summarizes briefly the comparison between Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), Reconfigurabl...
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... is done by an integrated camera and an embedded microcontroller mounted directly onto the gripper. The gripper knows the complete assembly task and is therefore completely independent of any central and external control [1].
4. Conclusion
The evolutions of the manufacturing concepts (i.e. FMS, RMS and AMS) in the last twenty decades are mainly driven by the changing market demands and its corresponding requirements to that particular manufacturing system. Though the complexity increases, manufacturing companies have to rapidly adapt to these changes to maintain their competitiveness level [3]. Introducing AMS provides an important benefit in reducing complexity of both the physical structure and the information system. However, each concept is designed according to the market trends and requirements. The differences between them can be summarized in Table 1 below.
Production has also been economised by the introduction automated production with continual processes. This allows an easy and flexible method to
In today’s operational management arena, there are certain expectations from a managerial aspect that must be met in order to be successful. A comprehensive look at the Space Age Furniture Company will show exactly what the Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) calculations are for this company at present time and then take the information given in order to properly suggest ways to improve the sub-assemblies. In addition, there will be an analysis on the trade-offs between the overtime and inventory costs. A calculation will be made on the new MRP that will improve the base MRP. This paper will also compare and contrast the types of production processing to include the job shop, batch, repetitive, or continuous, and determine which the primary mode of operation should be and exactly why. A detailed description on how management can keep track of the job status and location during production will also be addressed. Finally, there will be a recommendation on they type of changes that need to occur that will be beneficial to the company and at the same time add value to the customer. This paper will conclude with summary of the major points.
In the past, if a purchaser of a Haitian and Zhafir injection molding machine wanted a Sepro robot, they needed to purchase it separately. Now, it can be sold with the IMM and the robots will have a user interface based on Sepro’s Visual robot control that is fully integrated and accessible from the Haitian or Zhafir IMM operator interface. All control settings and robot data will be accessible through the IMM control panel.
The Global Manufacturing Revolution: Product-Process-Business Integration and Reconfigurable Systems, Yoram Koren, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. c 11/04/2010, ISBN: 0470583770, ISBN-13: 978047058377
Also automation increases the saving cost for companies while decreasing failure percentage. In a case study conducted by Mid-West Machine Products, a company which specializes in cutting sheet metal, replaced their manual work for an automated machine, their case study concluded that:
The cornerstones of the production system are Just in Time (JIT) and autonomation.JIT is the feasibility of obtaining products exactly at the need of the hour and
So it’s important to research the product and the vendor to make certain that you select the right system for your business. You’ve got to have a system that fully integrates all aspects of running your manufacturing business, offers advanced features and options but is intuitive and easy to use so employees can grasp hold quickly, and adapts to the way you do business rather than forcing you to adapt to the software.
Thanks to cutting edge technology and robotic systems, all these aspects can be considered through data integration and process programing.
The business is related to a manufacturing concern; therefore, the importance of enhancing manufacturing operations seems to increase. Manufacturing operations management is commonly known as MOM (Daft, Kendrick & Vershinina, 2010). Management of operations is basically a process which reviews the manufacturing or production process with an intention to maximize the production efficiency. Manufacturing operations management is thoroughly divided into many different arenas like production management, supply chain management, analysis of performance, quality and compliance and many others. Manufacturing operations management revolves around all the underlying production processes (Hills & Jones, 2009).
K.-D Bouzakis and S.Mitsi, Off-line programming of an industrial robot for manufacturing, Spinger-Verlag London Limited, 2004 , 262-267 (accessed oct.30,2011)
The development of the manufacturing industry, quality and control, manufacturing capacity increase or the duration and the need to reduce cost has arisen is inevitable. Thus automation and programming concepts were started years ago. Automation is a machine's operative procedures and their sequence start form beginnig to end without human intervention, and its done automatically. Programming of the sequence of operations is prerared and tranfered to the counter. A bench during the operation of the program, and in the process, this will provide for amendments to the alignment and speed, then the counter is called flexibility.
(6) Pandremenos, J., J. Paralikas, K. Salonitis, and G. Chryssolouris. "Modularity Concepts for the Automotive Industry: A Critical Review." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 1.3 (2009): 148-52. Print.
Toyota has implemented many different systems such as performance monitoring software, the Just in time (JIT) inventory system, electronic quality control system, communication system and information system thought out their value chain which enable to make correct decision during the manufacturing process. They have identified that having large inventories of spares cost them extensive capital and they have implemented the Just in time (JIT) inventory system which advices the suppliers the exact spares that the product line required and provides a time frame. Toyota adopted continuous learning and embraces change allowing their staff to research and innovation (Toyota
The first industrial robot, built in 1961, was a mechanical arm used to load presses. After the development of the computer and the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) in the 1970?s, the world saw great advances in the development of robotic control and the quality of robot manufacturing. As a result, there has been acceptance of the industrial robot world wide, improving the productivity and quality standards of industry (Hodges 3-5).
Computer integrated manufacturing is a relatively new technology arising from the application of many computer science sub disciplines to support the manufacturing enterprise. The technology of CIM emphasizes that all aspects of manufacturing should be not only computerized as much as possible but also linked together via a computer communication network into an integrated whole. In short, CIM has the potential to enable manufacturers to build cheaper, higher-quality products and thus improve their competitiveness.