Automobiles and Pollution
In years past, levels of air, noise, and sight pollution were much lower than they are today. There are more cars on the road today, and because of this we experience higher levels of pollution than before. The automobile is probably the leading contributor pollution in our cities. They release toxic emissions into our atmosphere. Automobiles are linked particularly to carbon monoxide pollution. They are noisy (especially if you are living near the highway), and they take up valuable space in the form of vast parking lots that are unpleasing to the eye. Why are there more automobiles on the road today than there was in the past? Understanding the answer to this question is important when trying to propose an effective solution to the increasing levels of pollution that we are experiencing. Our current levels of high pollution are the result of an increased number of vehicles on the road.
There are several factors that have caused the increase in the number of cars that we have on our roads today. First, and most obvious, is the fact that our population has been growing over time and continues to grow exponentially, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. We have more cars on our roads today for the simple fact that there are more people living in our country.
There are a greater percentage of drivers on our roads today as well as a larger population in general. I say this for the following reason. Our standard of living is relatively high, compared to other countries. Our per capita income is high enough for many of our citizens to be able to buy cars. This means that more people will continue to drive their single occupancy vehicles downtown to work or school, polluting all ...
... middle of paper ...
...onference/environmental/automotive2.html
2. Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja and Helmut Weidner. "The Politics of Reducing Vehicle Emissions in Britain and Germany." Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. 1995.
3. Kahn, Jeffrey, "Computer Model forecasts impact of automobile fuel efficiency incentives", Science articles archive, last modified: Jan. 13, 1994, 1 page, "homepage", accessed 10/20/98, http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/auto-fuel-efficiency-model.html
4. Miller, G. Tyler Jr. "Environmental Science: Working With the Earth." 6th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1997.
5. "Monthly estimates of the U.S. population, April 1, 1980-August 1, 1998", last modified: September 25, 1998, 1 page, U.S. Census Bureau, date accessed: 10/20/98, http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/intfile1-1.txt
Orson Welles’ production of Citizen Kane revolutionized film making by mastering the art of using cutting edge techniques to make it one of the most single revolutionary and groundbreaking films in the history of movies. Citizen Kane, released in 1941, is thought to be the single most revolutionary and groundbreaking film in the history of movies (Rotten Tomatoes). Welles used many techniques in the production of the film that were never even thought of before that point. In this way, the film Citizen Kane is an extremely innovative film and definitely pushes the limits of its genre at the time. Welles completely changed the course of the production of film by introducing a completely new way of writing, directing, and through his use of techniques.
...m. This huge circular arena was the pinnacle of the Roman Gladiatorial games, and though it isn't fully intact, it is a great reminder of ancient culture. Though today these games seem inhumane and unnecessary, to their ancient culture it was a vacation from everyday stress. Even the Emperor was said to understand that though money and grain would satisfy and individual, large spectacles were necessary for the contentment of the masses' (wes civ).
It was a don of a new age, belief, conviction, and devotion were felt throughout the period, and it was the time of the Romanesque churches. This was the time to view these boundless, monastic complexes, majestic cathedrals, and painted artifacts; the churches were beaming with activity and life. With the assembly of nuns, monks, and local town folks, these structures offered safety, a simpler way of life thru thought, simplicity, and reflection, which than sparked an overall energy and spirit throughout the air, it was the age of faith. In this period of time a massive building project had begun, within a short time span of 150 years, the construction of more than 1000 monasteries, and abbeys were built throughout Western Europe. Some of the main architecturally features and designs were the massive towers pointed heavenward and seemed as if they were touching the sky, it made the church visible from great distances and became the center point of the towns where they were built. The stone portals separated the nonspiritual, from the divine realm and dramatized the entrance door, as the gateway to salvation. The Gothic style of architecture, or Gothic cathedral began in the seventeenth century and was born in France, Over 580 Gothic & cathedrals class churches were built and constructed between 1170 to 1270; they were often large enough to house the entire population of the town. Two dominant architectural designs and styles emerged Romanesque and Gothic; there were differences and some similarities between the two. If the Romanesque church constituted a rural retreat for monastics and pilgrims, the Gothic cathedral served as the focal point for the urban community physically dominated the town, the design of the to...
When one sees the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral in person or in pictures they are likely to be awestruck. The twin towers of the western façade rise high into the sky, seemingly in an attempt to scrape heaven. Spiky arches seem to grow out of the sides and claw at the ground. Inside it is cavernous with colored light filtering in through the large, intricate stained glass windows. All of these physical qualities make Notre Dame a prime example of Gothic architecture. It does not stand alone in that distinction. One is also likely to see several hundred examples of this style on varying scales throughout Europe. Because, despite its humble origins, Gothic architecture became the standard for religious buildings in the early 11th century thanks to innovative use of new and old design techniques which resulted in majestic buildings that symbolized the builder’s version of heaven.
Americas love affair with the automobile has caused more than a few problems for our environment. Air pollution may well be the number one problem, but there is others. For example, we throws away 240 to 260 million tires each year-tires that are not never biodegradable and although some companies recycles tires into road surfacing materials, the process are expensive. Another problem is the worlds dwindling supply of petroleum. More earth friendly alternatives must be found so that Americas love affair with cars don't turn into no fatal
Contemporary, as well as older, Gospel music originated from the “Spirituals.” The spirituals, also known as the “Negro Spirituals or African-American folk songs,” were religious songs sung by the African Americans slaves in Southern America. The spirituals spawned from teachings of Christianity from slave owners, the church and even hymns. The songs were usually about love, hope, peace, oppression, freedom and even used as a secret code. The African American slaves would sing while working so much so that slave o...
The invention of the automobile in the early 20th century has had an adverse affect on our environment. Our society has used technology in order to advance the automobile to make it better and more efficient. The automobile industry knows what sells and they take advantage of that. With this growing technology to advance automobiles also comes flaws. The biggest and most obvious flaw is pollution. Because of pollution, we find ourselves asking the question of whether this technology has helped our society more than it has hurt it.
The strength of a gothic building is made to reside in a finely organized framework rather than in its walls. This framework, which consists of perfectly placed piers, arches and buttresses, frees up any unessential impediment of walls and presents a light feeling. The stability of the building depends only on inert massiveness in its outermost parts, whose opposing forces counteract each other in a perfect stability of thrust and counterthrust. Gothic architecture is an artistic, strategic system of engineering, schemes for building were followed for elevations, termed quadratum (four sided) and triangulorum (three sided). 2 This system allowed them to raise their ideal structures according to symbolic measure and numbers reflecting the geometry of the New Jerusalem and its prototype, the Temple of Solomon. (Figure 1.1)
The search for a cleaner burning fuel is not a new one. Although most people know that they?re cars are spewing out toxins that are harmful to the environment, they drive the car anyway. In this modern day when faster is better, cars have become necessities. Air pollution caused by cars hasn?t always been such a big problem. When there were fewer cars on the road, nobody thought anything about the possible consequences. Not thinking ahead has always been human nature though. Environment concerns have only arisen in the past few decades because technology has allowed scientist to m...
Withgott, J., & Laposata, M. (2012). Essential environment: The science behind the stories. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
...hing truly inspiring. The architecture inspires today and will continue to for hundreds of years into the future. Gothic architecture was the impetus and inspiration for Western European civilization to have the courage to move forward after centuries of war and disease. Gothic architecture has enjoyed several revivals over the centuries, proving its endurance inspite of the changing world. Gothic architecture transcended national boundaries and created organized labor. The Gothic Period in Western European history was indicative of their dominance of world culture in the centuries to come. Gothic architecture showed Western Europeans that they were capable of great feats of engineering and art. This was at a time when the region had emerged from the “Dark Ages”. The Gothic style was a symbol of a civilization coming to live and rising above its infirmities.
During the 12th and the 13th century, a certain time period where the religious faith of Christianity were instilled throughout most of the western civilization. The time when mostly Gothic dominated the realm of expression. Gothic was everywhere; it was in painting, in sculpture, and primarily in architecture. Gothic architecture can understood thoroughly through the study in the form of cathedrals of that time. The cathedral stands as the most comprehensive of the various trends that was brought along with the gothic architecture. If there was a cataclysmic event during that time where every thing was destroyed except the cathedrals, they alone could help us define the values and all the questions about the time period.
Withgott, J., & Brennan, S. (2011). Environment: the science behind the stories (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Today, people use their own personal vehicles to travel more than ever before. Personal transportation is no longer considered a luxury; it is now considered a necessity. The number of cars in the United States has been growing steadily since the 1970s. The number of miles traveled by cars has risen nearly 150 percent, yet the United States population has only grown roughly 40 percent during that time (hybridcars.com, Driving Trends). Although it may seem like we are advancing into the future, in reality, we are moving backwards from the effects these vehicles have on our bodies and the environment. The pollution produced by these vehicles has brought us to the day where we must find other modes of transportation that cause less harm to the world in which we live. Advances in technology have developed hybrid vehicles to try and slow down the amount of pollution. Driving a hybrid vehicle, instead of a conventional gas powered vehicle, can reduce the amount of pollution that affects our lives and the environment around us.
Petrol prices generally go up, rarely coming down even when global fuel prices go down. This is an ongoing expense too, a car is useless without fuel. Picking a car with a smaller engine can save fuel and modern cars also have been designed with better fuel economy, but as I have already mentioned modern cars cost more money upfront.