Autism Spectrum Disorder Analysis Paper

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Recommended: clinical features of autism

The following is an analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The Analysis will provide a description of the disorder, including the following: national and global statistics, factors predisposing an individual to the disorder, signs and symptoms, and screening used to diagnose ASD. The analysis will also contain potential medical, surgical, and vital nursing care related to autism spectrum disorder. It will also include a description of a variety of therapies and pharmacological treatments. Finally, a brief description of concurrent ailments that can be present with ASD, complications, and overall prognosis of autism. Before the analysis a short history of autism is provided.
The following is a brief history of autism and how it has evolved …show more content…

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antipsychotic given to autistic patients. Since this antipsychotic medication is an antagonist of dopamine and serotonin receptors, it is given to reduce hyperactivity and irritability respectively. Irritability in autistic patients can consist of aggression, temper tantrums, and self-harm. FDA recommends this drug to children between the ages of 5-16 years-old, since safety and effectiveness has not been established in children under the age of 5 years-old. According to the FDA the recommended dosage is based on weight of the patient. If the patient weighs 20kg the starting dose is 0.5 mg per day. Two weeks after the initial dosage an increase of 0.25-0.5 mg is recommended, with an effective dose range of 0.5-3 mg per day. The routes that are available for risperidone are intramuscular and orally. The common side effects of risperidone can be the following: orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements), suicidal ideations, hyperglycemia, and hyperprolactinemia. Due to the side effects the following nursing implications are imperative: monitor blood pressure, weight gain, fine tongue movement which can be the first sign of tardive dyskinesia, assess for suicide periodically, monitor fasting serum glucose periodically. The nurse should advise the patient to avoid alcohol while taking this medication. Other interactions are drugs that effect the central nervous system, hypotensive drugs, and levodopa. Aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic is also given to patients with autism. There is established evidence for the effectiveness of aripiprazole to treat irritability, hyperactivity, and stereotypy (repetitive body movements or repetitive movements of objects). According to MicroMedex the recommended initial dose is 2mg per day and a target dose of up to 15mg per day. The most common side effects while taking aripiprazole are the following:

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