To explain the impacts of Australia's immigration policies over time on its population structures (e.g. ethnic composition, age and sex distribution, and occupational structure, etc.).
In 50,000BC, Aboriginal population is about 250,000 to 300,000 in Australia, which possibly came from Asia and New Guinea. Captain James Cook discovered Australia in 1770 and the first British fleet arrived in Australia in 1788 with about 1,000 men, women and children and 500 heads of livestock and poultry aboard arrived in Sydney Harbor. Before 1830s, convicts were the main source of migrants, but by the mid-1830s, more free settlers than convicts in Australia. In 1845, there were 16,800 convicts, but a year later, the number declined to 11,200.
In 1850s, the period of "Gold Rush" was occurred. There was discovery of goldfields in New South Wales and Victoria. It led the feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. The discovery of gold was a signification factor boosting the population of Victoria, and to some degree that of New South Wales, in eighteen-fifties. The combined population of the colonies grew from 405,400 in December 1850 to 1,145,600 ten years later. The total population of Australia was around 405,000, it exceed one million in 1858. Victoria became the biggest colony in 1860, which holding over half of Australia's population.
The new Commonweath in 1901 was to pass the infamous "White Australia Policy" which ensured that Australia's immigrants should be not only of European origin but predominantly Anglo-Celtic. It was a policy of excluding all not white people from the Australian continent, was the official policy of all government and all mainstream politic...
... middle of paper ...
...uropean Peopling of Australasia, ANU, Canberra.
HB2135.B67
Hugo, G. (2001) "A Century of Population Change in Australia." Yearbook of Australia. ABS: Canberra. ABS Australian Historical Population Statistics
Lecture Notes in Week 2, "Landmarks in the Population History of Australia." Dem 255 Topic in Demography, First Semester 2005
Lecture Notes in Week 3, "The History of Migrant to Australia." Dem 255 Topic in Demography, First Semester 2005
Web Site:
http://www.immi.gov.au, accessed date: 22 March 2005
http://www.abs.gov.au, accessed date: 22 March 2005
Video Presentations:
Destination Australia, (Part 1 and Part 2) Film Australia, July 1985
They'll be just like you: Australian immigration after the Second World War, ABC television program broadcast 21/7/94
When writing the "big picture" histories, historians often overlook or exaggerate certain aspects of Australian history to make their point. Discuss with reference to one the recommended texts.
There have been many unanswered questions in Australia about Aboriginal history. One of these is which government policy towards indigenous people has had the largest impact on Indigenous Australians? Through research the Assimilation Policy had the largest impact upon Indigenous Australians and the three supporting arguments to prove this are the Aborigines losing their rights to freedom, Aboriginal children being removed from their families, and finally the loss of aboriginality.
MacDermott, D. (1993). As we see you. In D. Grant & G. Seal (Eds.), Australia in the world (pp. 86-91). Perth: Black Swan Press
2. Compare and contrast the segregation and assimilation policies in relation to the impact they had on the Aboriginal family life.
Reynolds, H. (1990). With The White People: The crucial role of Aborigines in the exploration and development of Australia. Australia: Penguin Books
Westoby, P., & Ingamells, A. (2010), ‘A critically informed perspective of working with resettling refugee groups in Australia’, British journal of social work, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1759-1776.
The multicultural society in Australia has been shaped by different events. The production of the Snowy Mountain Scheme is one of the events that led to multiculturalism. The phenomenal project brought people of different cultures and races to work together and led to the growth and development of multiculturalism. This multiculturalism had a major effect in Australia, as it provided acceptable engineering and scientific knowledge and skills that led to the completion of the system. This also led to the recruitment of immigrants from other countries with the skills that were required.
West A, 2012, 'The 2011 census, ethnicity and religion in Australia', ABC Radio national, 8 August
The assimilation policy was a policy that existed between the 1940’s and the 1970’s, and replaced that of protectionism. Its purpose was to have all persons of aboriginal blood and mixed blood living like ‘white’ Australians, this established practice of removing Aboriginal children (generally half-bloods) from their homes was to bring them up without their culture, and they were encouraged to forget their aboriginal heritage. Children were placed in institutions where they could be 'trained' to take their place in white society. During the time of assimilation Aboriginal people were to be educated for full citizenship, and have access to public education, housing and services. However, most commonly aboriginal people did not receive equal rights and opportunities, for example, their wages were usually less than that paid to the white workers and they often did not receive recognition for the roles they played in the defence of Australia and their contribution to the cattle industry. It wasn’t until the early 1960’s that expendi...
Garnett, AM 2012, ‘The effect of the resources boom on the population and labour market of Western Australia’, Economic Papers, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 63-75
Australia is a multicultural country where immigrants from all over the world immigrate to Australia. This research is focused on Australian’s immigrants who play a big role in this society. Immigration carries significant factors that affect the process of adaptation on an immigrant. The significant factors discussed further on are social factors, economic factors and cultural factors. To understand immigration and immigrant it would be explained the meaning of it and the types of immigrants. Answering the Research question, it would also be explained what an immigrant aims to reach by explaining the factors that help to feel settled in a new country. As I’m an immigrant in Australia I personally know how factors affect directly the process of adaptation. During this research I aim to prove how these factors affect the process of adaption. It is intended to make useful recommendations to the host country and to the immigrants in order to adapt to a new country easily. It must be said that not everyone experience the same process of adaptation because everyone is exposed to different factors. Moreover, immigrants may experience more than one factor as one factor can lead to the development of other factor.
Australia has always been portrayed as masculine, heterosexual, and white. For example, the national image that Australians portray are stereotyped as the ‘frontier explorer’, the ‘bushman’, the ‘larrikin’, the ‘digger’, the ‘workingman’, the ‘breadwinner’, or the ‘globetrotting business tycoon’ (Carter 14). Men represent Australia, whereas women are seen in an inferior and domestic light, for example, they are seen as mothers and housewives (Carter
There can be no gainsaying, as to the fact that Australia is not only a choice destination for many, but also houses some of the most beautiful cities in the world (Bastian, 2012). As a matter of fact, Bastian (2012) continues to state that this change is strongly attributed to immigration, which continues to foster strong cultural and economic growth in Australia. As Australia continues to open its borders to an increasingly diverse population, Australians themselves continue to open their minds to accommodate diversity in the form of new lifestyles, foods, traditions, values, beliefs and so forth (Bastian, 2012). According to Henry & Kurzak (2013), the 2011 census show that 26% of Australians were born abroad and 20% have either one or both
Hayes, A., Weston, R., Qu, L., & Gray, M. (n.d.). Families then and now:1980-2010. Australian Government . Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/factssheets/fs2010conf/fs2010conf.html
Population growth in Australia has always been a controversial topic as the recent patterns of migration and fertility has tapped into range of public concerns. Most politicians want a more sustainable approach to population growth such as how the environment, urban infrastructure, and social cohesion would be affected by diverse population and how immigration would provide necessary skills shortages that could fuel economic growth and development. Government intervention to encourage a higher birth rate has only been marginally successful around the world, it has been found that it is very difficult to control people's fertility rate but it is only improved economic conditions that could control birthrate. The government also does not have