Australia's government is a federal parliamentary democracy and the Commonwealth based on English model. Australia is divided up into six states into territories including: Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania Victoria and Western Australia. The economics of Australia are related to growth and has a low unemployment rate and a very stable economic growth since 2012. Australia is involved in the World Trade Organization (WTO) as well as other global economic associations. Australia’s main products are wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruit, sheep, and poultry along with industrial mining and chemical processing. Exports include will gold and meat. The majorities of Australians speak English and are Protestant. Australia has many major urban areas including Sydney and Melbourne, but also a wide area of rural living on the coastline (“The world factbook,” 2013). With regards to the countries healthcare, they have a system of universal health care. Tax dollars provide a free public healthcare system, known as Medicare, to citizens. Many citizens also subside with private insurance. This includes access to a physician, specialists and care in a public hospital. The staff, including physicians, who are employed by the public health system are paid an hourly wage. Those doctors in the private sector are paid on a fee per service method. Care is regulated and managed by general practitioner as primary healthcare providers with referral to specialists a part of the requirements. The public health system covers access to a primary care physician, specialist with referral, diagnostic testing and hospitalization and surgery in a public hospital setting. Private insuranc... ... middle of paper ... ...013). Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Fellowships/Australian-American-Health-Policy-Fellowships/The-Health-Care-System-and-Health-Policy-in-Australia.aspx Jacobson, K. H. (2008). Socioeconomic context of disease. Introduction to Global Health. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. Royal flying doctor service. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/ Smith, C., Fisher, C., & Mercer, A. (2011). Rediscovering nursing: A study of overseas nurses working in Western Australia. Nursing & Health Sciences, 13(3), 289-295. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00613.x Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2010). Foundations of nursing in the community: Community- oriented practice (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. The world factbook: Australia . (2013). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html ("The world factbook," 2013)
Australia before 1901 had 6 separate governments, each with their own rules, regulations and territory. There were certain rules and regulations which only further separated each government’s land beyond the distinguished borders of the newly formed state. For example the different widths of the train tracks. Which made the trades between colonies harder. As to trade between the colonies you had to unload one train at the border and reload another train across the border. These measures made sure that each colony had their rules enforced on their land. There was also how each colony raised funds for the government and their projects, this was so that each colony had the right amount of funding, to complete what they needed to without overtaxing the population.
Siers, R. (2013, March). Devotion: stories of Australia’s wartime nurses. Canberra , Australia: Department of Veterans’ Affairs. Retrieved April 3, 2014
People living in areas such as Playford, has shown to have a lower socioeconomic position, which made them at highest risk of poor health (WHO, 2017). Then, the social determinants of health support the understanding the difference between populations health levels, but also the reasons behind why some groups are healthier than others (Marmot, 2005) and the issue becomes a little bit deeper as people living in different areas related to others differently, so then the social stratification of health is affected by differences in gender, marital status, residential areas and ethnicity (Elstad,
Strasser, Judith A., Shirley Damrosch, and Jacquelyn Gaines. Journal of Community Health Nursing. 2. 8. Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 1991. 65-73. Print.
Gavin Turrell, B. F. (1999). Socioeconomic Determinants of Health:Towards a National Research Program and a Policy and Intervention Agenda. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology.
Morkes, Andrew Yehling, Carol Walsh, Nora and Walsh, Laura. Ferguson’s Careers in Focus: Nursing. Second Ed. Chicago: Ferguson Pub., 2003. Print
Wilkinson, R.G. & Marmot, M.G. 2003, Social determinants of health: the solid facts, World Health Organization.
Maurer, F., & Smith, C. (2005). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (3rd ed.). Retrieved from http://books.google.com
A country’s health care system refers to all the institutions, programs, personnel, procedures, and the resources that are used to meet the health needs of its population. Health care systems vary from one country to another, depending on government policies and the health needs of the population. Besides, health care programs are flexible in the sense that they are tailored to meet health needs as they arise. Among the stakeholders in the formulation of a country’s health care system are governments, religious groups, non-governmental organizations, charity organizations, trade/labor unions, and interested individuals (Duckett, 2008). These entities formulate, implement, evaluate, and reform health services according to the needs of the sections of the population they target.
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
Hitchcock, J. E., Schubert, P. E., & Thomas, S. A. (2003).Community health nursing : caring in action. (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY : Thomson/Delmar Learning
Synthesis question: what factors are contributing to the demies of the American health care system?
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2008). Public health nursing: Population centered health care in the community (6th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.
Lundy, K. S., & Janes, S. (2009). Care of Communities and Populations. Community Health Nursing: Caring for the Public's Health (2nd ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Janice E. Hitchcock, P. E. (2003). Community Health Nursing – Caring In Action (2nd ed.).