Introduction
The architects reconsider the natural ventilation due to the concerns of environment and the increase of energy consumption in recent years. An atrium building with large glazing area is now incorporated with the content of modern building design to make the most of solar energy and buoyancy-driven ventilation. Excellent design on atrium building will contribute to the environmental friendly and minimization of energy demands. The strategy of natural ventilation in atrium building includes the buoyance and solar driven air flows through the interior, a multiple-storied atrium building with solar chimney system requires further research to investigate the reduction of energy consumption by using buoyancy-driven ventilation.
In order to simulate the airflow and heat transfer of the building design and examine the strategies of natural ventilation, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology will be used. CFD can simulate the air fluid and relative temperature distribution successfully in building interior and produce sufficient data for analysing the heat transfer and turbulence while the building is under natural ventilation.
Thermal comfort can be expressed as “satisfaction with the thermal environment is expressed by the condition of mind” by ISO 7730. Predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) are the most common standard to assess the thermal comfort.
This dissertation aims to investigate the heat and air flow transfer and temperature distribution of a multi-storied atrium building with buoyancy driven ventilation and evaluate how the thermal comfort of occupies change in the atrium buildings with different building elements.
This dissertation plan divides into 5 parts, the first...
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...he relevant calculation procedures to calculate the value of PPD and assess the thermal comfort.
Expected Output
Building design
Figure 9 shows the visualization of building design drawing with Sketch up. Buildings consist of different elements of structure and decoration, which involve the glazing area, size of opening and high of chimney etc.
Temperature
The expected output of the dissertation would include the very detail of graphic temperature distribution through the entire building which produced by CFD. (Figure 9)
Predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD)
The parameter to measure the thermal comfort, PPD, which should be generated out as the X-Y plot chart, which should contains different constructional component to analyse the effect on the performance of natural ventilation in atrium building. (Figure 10)
Work Schedule
... the sun isn’t as high up in the sky. Large open spaces and a covered loft promote stack ventilation which also further increase the comfort zone. A mud room/hallway doubles as an airlock during extreme temperature months. The addition of active systems suffices for the rest of the heating load. On the roof positioned is a solar hot water panel which has access to solar gain. A small tankless electric water heater boosts stored hot water temperatures when needed. The ultimate goal is to simply reduce energy use by half of what the average household uses. The equipment chosen is an Eemax Electric Tankless Hot Water Heater. A solar hot water panel mounted on the dormer heats water through glycol exchange. A tankless electric hot water heater 1) boosts the solarheated stored water if it is below desired temps and 2) provides back up water heating during cloudy periods.
Comfort theory is comprehensive and understandable. Because Kolcaba (2003) believed consumers of theory must be able to understand and use the theory, the terminology specific to the theory is well described with minimal or uncomplicated definitions. All concepts are theoretically and operationally defined. The operational definitions allow for measurement of comfort and testing of hypotheses. While the definitions, derivations, assumptions, and propositions have evolved over the 20 years since the theory was introduced, they remain consistent. As previously mentioned, this author’s literature search revealed a discrepancy with some references referring to comfort theory and some referring to theory of comfort. Various texts also report conflicting numbers of propositions. Despite the inconsistency in reported numbers of propositions, the basic principles of the theory and propositions remain
He suggests that the use of “electronic imaging prevents imagining and promotes thinking about architecture rather than bring architects, contractors, clients and critics to think within architecture” (275). Inspired by Frascari, the strategy of technography is encouraged (278). This is a “different way of thinking about the relationship between a [working] drawing and a future building. Rather than “simply Cartesian, technical lines showing edges, corners and joints these technographic drawings reveal both the symbolic and instrumental representations of the future building.. it is to make visible what is invisible”. Ridgway remarks, “The fact that any of this could be considered contentious indicates that extent to which architects have become alienated from the heart of their profession” (279). He asserts, “Part of any technography must be an acknowledgement of the historical context of construction knowledge. This is not only so we can better understand our rich architectural ancestry, but because it re-establishes a connection with the origins of our profession in building” (279). Rather than a “miniature projected representation of an imagined building, details are drawn as poetic constructions themselves, following the logic of drawing and not building and representing the “built detail symbolically, in addition to instrumentally. The symbolic and practical are one and the same thing” (280). “What are the symbolic qualities we are trying to embody in our buildings and how would we represent them in drawings?” becomes the question (278). These drawing “may not be easy or straightforward to understand or interpret.
Measured Parameters- PIP 33 cmH2O; RRtotal 30/min; RRspon 0 s; I:E Ratio 1:2; MAP 11 cmH2O; PEEP 5 cmH2O; Tidal Volume Exhaled 61 mL; Spontaneous Tidal Volume 0 mL; Exhaled Minute Ventilation 1.81 L/min; Spontaneous MV 0 L/min; I-time 0.5 sec; E-time 2 sec; Humidifier’s Temperature 37.1°C
There were many measurement formulas taken under considerations within the investigation in order to study the given topic question. These formulas played a significant role in solving the topic question and the main ones considered were –
It’s The Kyocera of Art and The Museum of Fine ceramics on the first 2 floors but it’s the headquarter of the world’s largest solar generation and natural gas co generation system. There is solar panels hanging of the building on every floor of the 20 floor building which power’s 50% of the building. Its modern design is suppose to connect to the environment with the surround parks. What I like about this building is the design of the use of space of the solar on the building to maximize the space, especially in Japan with its very populated country. What I dislike about this building is there could be more solar planes that been built on to the building which could cover 100% of the power
Gowtham shanmugam, Department of Interior Design, School of Building Arts, Savannah College of Art and Design.
You are a firefighter and upon arrival at the scene of a working fire you have a lot of decisions to make. One of the most key decisions a chief officer, or firefighter following standard operating procedures has to make in the early stages of a building fire is whether to ventilate or not? The strategy of venting fire buildings must be approached from many angles. In the United States it has long been accepted that there are three criteria for making that decision. Vent for life, safety or the fire with that in mind firefighters must make themselves aware of the effects of ventilating structure before making the that decision.
Constructing a building is challenging issue which requires many problems to be solved and much decision to be taken. Maintaining the balance between architectural design, engineering design and interior in general is not an easy task. In addition, providing healthy indoor environment to the occupants that enhances their physical and mental well-being should be prioritized. Reinhold, Afshari and Gunnarsen (2005, 29) state there are variety of factors in the indoor envir...
The question of how different building features can affect the building users has occupied the attention of many researchers and building industry professionals the last decades. In addition, many are concerned as well about how to use effectively all this knowledge in that way to influence the decisions about the design of the building. According to Vischer (2009) the research on the building performance and use can be characterized as intelligence gaining. The measures taken for assessing building performance include users' experience of environmental comfort and satisfaction, as well as subjective data and measurements related to different building systems. But these data are not strong on their own unless there is no evidence of how users are affected (Vischer, 2009).
After completion of this step the architects use the surveying drawing to develop a working drawing for the building. In these drawing you will see triangles, rectangles, squares, arches and other geometry shapes and forms to create their design. The architects through our history have used these shapes to create famous structures all over the world. If you go back to Roman historical sites you will see such examples like the great Coliseum. A great example can be seen is the famous Egyptian pyramid. Some other famous structures are the Eiffel Tower which is in Italy, and Chrysler building in New York. If you look around your neighborhood houses, you will see these shapes.
Life changed immensely in the 20th century as air conditioning and refrigeration systems became more efficient and controllable. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration play important roles in providing human comfort, food processing, storage, and many other industrial processes. We chose this topic because our life would be difficult without AC and Refrigeration. This paper will talk about the history of air conditioning and refrigeration, the role of engineers in designing and building it, people’s life before and after air conditioning and refrigeration, and finally Applications in the area of achievements and future developments.
Despite the fact that novel technologies are continuously under development to complement existing practices in coming up with greener buildings, the universal intent is that such structures are designed to diminish the general effect on the built environment on health of the humans in addition to the natural environment via: Diminishing environmental degradation, pollution and waste, improving productivity of the employee and guarding occupant health, efficient usage of water, energy, in addition to other resources.
preliminary sketches of floor plan with rough dimensions, and sketch a view of the house
The procedure began on the wind testing so that one could be aware of the climate condition of Dubai. Besides the designers ensured they conducted an effective research of the microclimate analysis. The stack effect was determined in Burj Khalifa to estimate the magnitude of the changes to be concerned with the building.