Atomic structure, Moles and Periodicity The Periodic Table is guidance or map to access different elements specific information, such as: atomic mass, isotopic richness, nuclear spins, electronic configuration and the position of elements belong to which group and period in table. Over the past decades there were many Scientifics which help to improvement of Periodic table but few of them made the most influence and contribution on Periodic table such as : Johann Dobereiner ,John Newlands , Dmitri Mendeleev and Henry Moseley. Law of Triads The development of Periodic table begins with the German chemist Johann Dobreeiner. He collected similar elements together. His triads were groups of three similar elements for example: Calcium, Strontium and Barium in one group. He noticed that the relative atomic mass of middle element is the average of the two others elements. For instance example atomic mass of Strontium is 88, so if you add atomics mass of Calcium which is 40 and Barium which is 137 and divided by 2 you get 88 which is the exactly same atomic mass of Strontium. Law of Octaves English chemist John Newlands started to put around the 60 known elements in order of increasing atomic mass. He noticed after space of eight elements, similar physical and chemical properties reappeared and each element was similar to the element eight place further on. One problem with his table, he put the Iron in same group of Oxygen and Sulphur which are two non metals. Then Russian scientist, Dimitri Mendeleev continues with John Newlans's way. He did the same thing as Newlands and he put the elements in order of increasing atomic mass but he did some extra things that made his table more successful , and produced a much better table ... ... middle of paper ... ...o.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel/patterns/periodictablerev5.shtml. Last accessed 13 December 2009. . (2009). Periodic table. Available: http://www.chemicool.com/. Last accessed 13 December 2009. Dr Edwin Thall. (-). Development of periodic table.Available: http://mooni.fccj.org/~ethall/period/period.htm. Last accessed 13 December 2009 -. (-). History of periodic table. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table. Last accessed 12 December 2009. -. (-). History of periodic table. Available: http://www.rsc.org/education/teachers/learnnet/periodictable/. Last accessed 13 December 2009. Ann and Patrik Fullick (1994). Chemistry. London: Heinemann educational. -. Catrin Brown and Mick Ford (2008). Standard level chemistry. London: British library cataloguing data. – Number of words: 1,145 Works Cited www.bbc.co.uk
2. Cooper, M. M., Cooperative Chemistry Laboratory Manual, McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, 2009, p. 60.
middle of paper ... ... The Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history>.
When designing my periodic table, I probably looked up a million websites. I used Wikipedia, horses.animal-world.com, and horses.petbreeds.com. I used the petbreeds website for my information, the animal-world website for deciding the categories, and Wikipedia for deciding which horse breeds go in which category. But those were just for my final draft. Before that, I organized in about 3-5 different ways, trying to find the most efficient way of having the most elements and have then going from left to
The best-selling novel, The Disappearing Spoon, is written by Sam Kean. The book revolves around the periodic table. It goes into such depth of the table, it is literally an adventure historically, politically, and scientifically. Not to mention, it is relevant to what has been learned this school year, which is what I’ll be talking about in this paper. The book is extremely helpful in learning the periodic table of elements, which is an imperative tool to have when studying physical science or chemistry, for example. It fills an unknown void of what the table is, solving mysteries as the chapter progresses.
Although some of the elements have been known for thousands of years, our understanding of many elements is still young. Mendeleev’s first Periodic Table contained only 63 elements, and about that many were discovered in the following 100 years. Just like countries, emperors, philosophers, and cities, elements have histories, too.“The Disappearing spoon” by Sam Kean, is a detailed history of the elements on the Periodic Table. Kean does a important job of telling every single element’s journey throughout the history of mankind: from the earliest times, when chemistry was intermingled with alchemy, to these days of modern chemistry. For example: Thallium is considered the deadliest element, pretending to be potassium to gain entry into our cells where it then breaks amino acid bonds within proteins. The CIA once developed a plan to poison Fidel Castro by dosing his socks with thallium-tainted
achieved by Rutherford, has led to the creation of elements not found in nature; in work
Primo Levi’s The Periodic Table is an autobiographical memoir in which Mr. Levi -an esteemed chemist- uses different elements to represent separate aspects of his life. The book molds fiction and memoir which he connects all through his study of chemistry either metaphorically or literally through his study of these elements in the lab. Specific elements connect to his Childhood and young adulthood as well as through his time in the Auschwitz concentration camp. What makes the memoir extremely unique is how it uses different elements both as literal objects he used in chemistry and also the comparisons and metaphor he creates between characters and the elements he titles the chapters. The main uses of elements in The Periodic Table are; comparisons between characters, representation of his current
This showed that dissolved gases were mechanically mixed with the water and weren?t mixed naturally. But in 1803 it was found that this depended on the weight of the individual particles of the gas or atoms. By assuming the particles were the same size, Dalton was able to develop the idea of atomic weights. In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).
Levy, Joel. The Bedside Book Of Chemistry. Vol. 1. Millers Point: Pier 9, 2011. 34-84. 1 vols. Print.
The majority of his outstanding contributions and conclusions that this brilliant scientist was able to create and understand , still stand and are being used today in chemistry and in other scientific areas. Dalton’s atomic theory is a very famous and complex theory about the atoms. Dalton not only found a way to have the “weight of an atom”, but he also changed the understanding of chemistry and improved the progress of the modern science. The splitting of the atom could not had been successfully completed without Dalton laying the foundation of the understanding about the atomic makeup of the simple and complex molecules. His discoveries allowed the cost-efficient of manufacturing the chemical compounds and the exact proportions in a compound.He became an official member of the Royal Society in 1822, he was able to received his first Royal medal in
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
Dalton’s atomic theory says that each element contained its own number of atoms. Each element had its own size and weight. Dalton’s idea said that all things are made of small bits of matter this bits of matter where too small to be seen even with a microscope. Scientist began to think these small bits of matter where responsible for chemical changes. They thought that when these bits of matter combined a chemical change took place. Dalton assumed that there was a special pattern in the elements and was partly responsible for the periodic table.
Poliakoff, M., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Farren, T. R., & Anastas, P. T. (2002). "Green Chemistry: Science and Politics of Change." Science, 297, 807-810.
Things are very different from each other, and can be broken down into small groups inside itself, which was then noticed early by people, and Greek thinkers, about 400BC. Which just happened to use words like "element', and `atom' to describe the many different parts and even the smallest parts of matter. These ideas were around for over 2000 years while ideas such as `Elements' of Earth, Fire, Air, and Water to explain `world stuff' came and went. Much later, Boyle, an experimenter like Galileo and Bacon, was influenced much by Democritus, Gassendi, and Descartes, which lent much important weight to the atomic theory of matter in the 1600s. Although it was Lavoisier who had divided the very few elements known in the 1700's into four different classes, and then John Dalton made atoms even more believable, telling everyone that the mass of an atom was it's most important property. Then in the early 1800's Dobereiner noted that the similar elements often had relative atomic masses, and DeChancourtois made a cylindrical table of elements to display the periodic reoccurrence of properties. Cannizaro then determined atomic weights for the 60 or so elements known in the 1860s, and then a table was arranged by Newlands, with the many elements given a serial number in order of their atomic weights, of course beginning with Hydrogen. That made it clear that "the eighth element, starting from a given one, is a kind of a repeat of the first", which Newlands called the Law of Octaves.
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.