Introduction
Respiratory problems usually directly affect gas exchange and have serious issues. Many of these problems are chronic and progressive, requiring major changes in a person's lifestyle. Today, I will introduce the pathology of asthmas because it is a chronic, or lifelong it can be a serious disease, which approximately 55 percents of the population (Port, 2011). Asthma can occur at any age. About half of adults with asthma also had the disease in childhood (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2006).
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Asthma is a chronic disease that caused a lower airway obstructed. This can occur in two ways: inflammation of the pulmonary airways and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (Fireman, 2003). Airway inflammation in asthma is a multicellular process involving mainly mast cells mast cells of the immune system, eosinophil, and lymphocytes, with eosinophilic infiltration being the most striking feature. For some patients, allergens bind to specific antibody molecules. These molecules attached to tissue cells called mast cells and white blood cells called basophils. These cells are filled with granules containing chemicals that can start local inflammatory responses. When allergens bind to the immunoglobulin E molecule on mast cells, chemicals such as: histamine leukotriene, interleukin-4, and eotaxin are released that start inflammation responses in the airway muscous membranes. Responses include blood vessel dilation and capillary leak, leading to tissue swelling with increased secreations and mucus production. Eosinophils are involved in the late phase reaction of bronchial asthma. They are attracted to the bronchial walls by interleukins 3 and 5 (IL-3, IL-5) and the granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secreted by the...
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...are long-acting inhaled or oral bronchodilators (beta agonists), long-acting theophylline or regular use of oral corticosteroids. Combination therapy (inhaled corticosteroid plus a long-acting beta2-agonist) is the preferred treatment for asthma when inhaled corticosteroids alone do not control the disease. Therefore, regular exercise is a recommended part of asthma therapy. Some patient may need to premedicated with inhaled beta agonist before beginning activity. The exercise assists the patient in enhancing skeletal muscle strength, maintaining cardiac health, and promoting ventilation and perfusion (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2006).
Conclusion
Understanding the pathology of asthma will help the patient manage their asthma better. It is also important to teach the patient how to avoid asthma trigger and make an asthma action plan active to manage the disease.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is a reversible airway obstruction, occurring 8 to 10% of the population worldwide. According to a study in 2005, asthma affects over 15 million Americans, with more than 2 million annual emergency room visits. Asthma patients have a hyper-responsiveness in their airways and generally and increase in their airway smooth muscle cell mass. This hyperplasia is due to the normal response to the injury and repair to the airway caused by exacerbations. The main choice of therapy for asthma patients is β2- adrenergic agonists. Racemic albuterol has been the drug of choice for a short acting bronchodilator for a long time, but since the development of levalbuterol, there is the question of which drug is a better choice for therapy. Efficacy and cost of treatment must both be taken into consideration in each study of these therapies to determine which is best for the treatment of asthma.
Secondly, severe asthma can be life-threatening. Suffering from asthma can be frightening to experience and people often feel scared and anxious. The fear and scare can also lead to breathlessness and so mak...
There are two forms of bronchodilators, a short acting and a long acting form. Short acting relieves or stops asthma symptoms and is very helpful during an attack. They are also called ‘rescue’ medications because they are best for treating sudden or severe asthma symptoms. Long acting bronchodilators are used to control asthma, they take longer to work but they also last longer, up to 12 hours, whereas a short acting would only last for about 4-5 hours. Ventolin is a short acting form, it is the recommended medication to use 15-20 mins before exercising.
Imagine a young child competing with his or her fellow classmates during recess and immediately losing the ability to breathe normally. He or she stops in the middle of the competition and falls to the ground while holding his or her chest trying to find air. When you are young, being able to keep up with your peers during recess and sporting events is very important, however, having asthma restricts this. Asthma has a significant impact on childhood development and the diagnosis of asthma for children 18 years and younger has dramatically increased over the years. Asthma is known as a “chronic inflammation of the small and large airways” with “evident bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airflow obstruction, and in some patients, sub-basement fibrosis and over-secretion of mucus” (Toole, 2013). The constant recreation of the lung walls can even occur in young children and “lead to permanent lung damages and reduced lung function” (Toole, 2013). While one of the factors is genetics, many of the following can be prevented or managed. Obesity, exposure to secondhand smoke, and hospitalization with pneumonia in the early years of life have all been suggested to increase children’s risk of developing asthma.
There are three parts that make up the respiratory system; muscle, lungs and the airway (respiratory system 2017). Although, there are three main parts the main organ is the lungs. The respiratory system delivers air to the alveoli, while giving and removing Carbon dioxide. Asthma is one of the many respiratory diseases. From personal experience, Asthma can affect one’s life in many ways. Asthma is when your airway is inflamed and produces a lot of mucus which makes it hard for one to breathe. Many are affected by respiratory diseases, because it effects their everyday
Smith, B. W., & LaBotz, M. (1998). Pharmacologic treatment of exercise-induced asthma. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 17 (2), 343-363.
Li, James T., ed. Pharmacotherapy of Asthma. Vol. 212. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2006. Print.
Asthma is chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurring episodes of wheeling and breathlessness. It often exists with allergies and can be worsened through exposure to allergens. In fact, asthma is complicated syndromes that have neither single definition nor complete explanation to the point. In light of its treatment, it is worthwhile to notice that asthma cannot be cured, instead can be only managed by avoiding exposure to allergens and/or by using medications regularly.
Asthma is a disorder of the respiratory system in which the passages that enable air to pass into and out of the lungs periodically narrow, causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This narrowing is typically temporary and reversible, but in severe attacks, asthma may result in death. Asthma most commonly refers to bronchial asthma, an inflammation of the airways, but the term is also used to refer to cardiac asthma, which develops when fluid builds up in the lungs as a complication of heart failure. This article focuses on bronchial asthma.
Asthma is a serious ongoing disease that affects the airways of both adults and children.5 It is a type of inflammatory disease in your lungs with multiple triggers which may include the flu, indoor allergies, pets, dust mites, exercise, and tobacco smoke. Asthma has been recognized since ancient Egyptian times. Researchers found prescriptions written in hieroglyphics. Aretaus of Cappadonia an ancient Greek master clinician wrote the initial clinical description of asthma. Aaezein is the Greek word from which the current medical term Asthma come. The original Greek term mean ' sharp breath'. There are many people who have this chronic disease. Approximately 7.1 million children are diagnosed, and 18.9 million adults; 8.2 percent of the population of the United States.
Some people only experience asthma symptoms during physical activity. A person who suffers from exercise-induced asthma does not have to limit his/her athletic goals.
Most of you may not think of asthma as a killer disease, yet more that 5,000 Americans die of asthma each year. According to the Mayo Clinic web page, asthma also accounts for more that 400,000 hospital discharges annually. As the number of people with asthma increases, the more likely you are to come in contact with a person who has the disease. As far as I can remember, I have had asthma my whole life. My mother and one of my sisters also have asthma, so I have a first hand experience with it. This morning, I will discuss some interesting facts about asthma, I will specifically focus on what it is, warning signs, symptoms, causes, and the treatments that are used.
Parker, Steve. "Chronic Pulmonary Diseases." The Human Body Book. New ed. New York: DK Pub., 2007.
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.
Even though there is no cure for asthma, there are two main types of medication used for the treatment of it. The first is long term medication that aids in decreasing the inflammation of a person’s airways and also serves as a preventative measure for symptoms and asthma attacks. These medicines are usually anti-inflammatory drugs that are taken daily to reduce future symptoms, but do not act as a quick fix...