The United States is a racialized society, with racism deeply embedded into its history. The most renowned display of racism in the United States is the enslavement of Africans by white people. This is one of the many instances that highlights the government’s implementation of institutional racism, which has been experienced by people of many different races. In this documentary, American citizenship, the Federal Housing Administration, and real estate appear to be the focal portrayals of institutional racism. For hundreds of years, being white was essential to gaining American citizenship. In 1922, Ozawa, a Japanese businessman attempted to gain citizenship. However, the Supreme Court denied his request, stating that he was scientifically classified as Mongolian, not white. Three months later, a South Asian man, Thind, proved to the Court that he was white because he was scientifically classified as Caucasian, and therefore
Race figured prominently in the development of immigration policies in the U.S. It had been most important characteristic used to determine whether or not one would be considered an American for many years. Predetermined by earlier race relations between Americans of the European and African descend, the black and white paradigm was challenged with an arrival of Asian Indian immigrants. Their dark skin hue and Aryan ancestry put this group of immigrants in an ambiguous position in regards to the right of U.S. citizenship. It is through a case-by-case process of determining one’s eligibility for naturalization that the difference between white and non-white categories had been clarified, contributing to the justification of social inequality and the formation of unassimilable groups of Asian immigrants.
Ngai, M. M. (1999). The architecture of race in American immigration law: A reexamination of the immigration act of 1924. The Journal of American History, 86(1), 67-92. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2567407
The United States has always been known as a nation of immigrants; however as of late, the policy enacted upon immigrants does not seem to reflect that ideology. In order to understand how to effectively write immigration policy, it is important to acknowledge the history, politics, and philosophy of such legislation. Particularly in the last ten years, congress has worked on a lot of immigration policy like the Dream Act, a piece of legislation that worked to provide citizenship to undocumented immigrants. This policy, similar to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 and many other legislative actions, was either overly politicized or passed in one house of congress but could not garner the support to pass in the other (Robertson). In November of 2014, President Barack Obama released an executive action on immigration; this document demanded progress in terms of getting serious about illegal immigration and border security, deporting people who threaten national security, and ensuring accountability by implementing background checks and taxes (The White House). While this executive action has the full force of law, it must go under scrutinous judicial review before it is implemented as part of American policy.
Daniels, Roger. Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life. New York: Perennial, 2002. Print.
Race survived throughout the twentieth century in part due to the continuing discrimination against those of non-western European descent. From a cultural aspect we began to separate groups and degrade them by using offensive terms such a “Huns”, “Greasers”, and “Hunkys” to describe the immigrant groups (Roediger, 2008). There was also a problem with laws being bended to only include only a select few. In the case of Takao Ozawa seeking naturalization he was denied not because he was not white culturally (in the form of religion). The Naturalization Acts grew viscious as races began to throw each other under the bus hoping that they could personally find a way to become a white citizen. It became a dream to achieve the status of a working white american.
Ward, Robert De Courcey. “Race Betterment and Our Immigration Law.” Proceedings of the First National Conference on Race Betterment, January 8,9,10,11,12,Battle Creek, Michigan. Battle Creek: Gage, 1914. 543-544, 545 CD-ROM. American Identity Explorer Immigration and Migration. McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Many people in America want to assimilate to the U.S. because they think that being American is a better option. People such as the Italians in the 1870s tried to assimilate in order to become an American to not become an enemy in the U.S. Also, the Mexicans today are constantly coming to the U.S. to have a better life because they know being American is the best solution for their problems at home. What assimilation mean is when a person leaves one’s own culture to join a different culture the person wants to be. For the purpose of this essay, an American is a person who has commitment to succeed in what one wants, able to speak english, to love the pop culture in the U.S. at the time one is living such as the hit songs, games, T.V. shows, etc. but not to other cultures, and be a citizen in America. People throughout history must assimilate to become a true American
Historical Background: Colonial America and The United States that followed were created by repeated waves of immigration. Those immigrants came from every part of the globe, but particularly from England, France, Germany, and Western Europe. The descendants of this first wave of immigrants would view later immigrants from Italy, Poland, and Russia with a great deal of suspicion and uncertainty. This is not surprising as our country’s uncertainty about immigrants is reflected in our policies. For instance, there were no numerical restrictions or central regulation on immigration until one hundred years after our nation’s founding. When they were finally introduced they were created with bias against would be immigrants from certain countries. Among the first on that list were Chinese laborers followed by immigrants from the Asian Pacific (Ewing, 2012). These restrictions were first adopted in 1921, and were in favor of European immigrants. They would later be followed by national quotas that placed restrictions on immigrants based on existing proportions of the population. A shortage in laborers brought on by World War II would result in lifting those restrictions. This eventually led to a growth in immigration and a change in the origin of those arriving from Europe to Latin America and Asia. As the number immigrants from these countries began to grow, so did the concern about the number of them who were illegal (Ewing, 2012). Resulting policies issued to address those concerns would arguably lead to a resurgence of the problem that they were intended to correct.
Throughout U.S. history, varying degrees of immigration control have dictated whom and how individuals are able to enter and gain citizenship to this country. For centuries, people from all over the world have immigrated here with the hopes of living a more prosperous and independent life. Starting at the turn of the 17th century, European settlers began to colonize parts of the east; a movement which has since been followed by more than four-hundred years of exponential growth. Like most other foreign and domestic matters, public policy has been created, altered, and adapted to better regulate immigration into the U.S. and further develop the means by which we secure our borders; a highly debatable and complex discussion which falls under the umbrella of immigration reform.
...by Charles W. Mills, the author attempts to provide an explanation for the way that race plays a role in our society, and how it has reached this particular point. Not only does Mills’ work provide some explanation in regards to this matter, but other notable texts and documents connect to his ideas as well, such as Michael Omi and Howard Winant’s, “Racial Formation in the United States,” and the remarks made by Abraham Lincoln in “The Lincoln-Douglas Debates.”
“ The 20th century has observed the transformation of the United States from a mainly white population connected to the Western culture to a diverse society of racial and ethnic minorities” (Pollard & O’Hare 2016). As the century began, the population of the United States was composed mostly of whites. The percentage was about 87% (Pollard & O’Hare 2016). At the end of the century, non-Hispanic’s made up less than 75% of the population (Pollard & O’Hare 2016). American’s ethnic landscape consists of a fast growing Arab and Jewish population. Unfortunately, back in the 1990’s minority groups consisted of African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics.
Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben G. Rumbaut. Immigrant America: A Portrait. N.p.: University of California Press, 2006.
Racial discrimination has a long history in the United States, and it manifests itself in various aspects of politics, economy, culture and social life, and its manifestations are diverse, such as migrants from northwest Europe from immigrants from South Eastern Europe, Immigration and so on. The policy of oppressing black slavery, expelling and slaughtering indigenous Indians is the highest manifestation of white supremacy racism. Although the law of the United States now prohibits racial discrimination, but in fact racial discrimination repeated, and with the US political, economic, social public opinion-oriented changes, there is a certain regularity. As time goes on, racial discrimination has a degree of relief in the United States, when
One of the most unique aspects of the United States is the diversity of its people. The Statue of Liberty states, “give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,” and America has indeed become an amalgam of people of different races, religions, and creeds. In order to better respond the needs of its assorted citizens, the American government has sought to learn about the characteristics of its people. To this end, the Census has been administered every ten years by the government since 1790. The Census provides the government with information ranging from household size to income; however, it is perhaps the statistics supplied by the Census on race that allow for the most interesting deductions.