Network Security Assignment#1 Q 1) What is the range of class A, B, C, D IP Address? A1) The IP addresses are divided into 4 classes with varying IP ranges. The most commonly used Classes are A, B and C. The classes have a different range of IP addresses valid for each class. Class Address Range (Start) Address Range (End) Class A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 Class B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 Class C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 Class D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Q 2) What is classless IP address and Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)? A 2) CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), also known as super-netting, is a method to allocate IP addresses and routing Internet Protocol packets. CIDR resulted in, greatly increasing the number of available Internet addresses. CIDR gives each IP address a network prefix. This network prefix determines whether it’s an aggregation of network gateways or an individual gateway. A shorter prefix for the destination IP address describes many possible destinations, and is less specific. A longer prefix may describe the destination gateway more specifically. When forwarding packets, routers are required to use the longest or most specific network prefix. A CIDR Network address is of the form: 192.30.250.00/18 The ‘192.30.250.00’ is the network address and the ‘18’ shows that the first 18 bits are the network part of the address, and the remaining last 14 bits for specific host addresses. CIDR lets one routing table entry represent the aggregation of networks that exist in the forward path that don’t need to be specified on that particular gateway. This aggregation of networks in a signle address is referred to as a supernet. Q 3) What is network Id? A 3) Every IP address(v4)is 32 bits long. The set... ... middle of paper ... ...ernet. Commonly, web servers are used to host websites, but there are other uses as well, such as gaming, data storage etc. Each web-server has an IP address and a domain name. Every computer on the Internet that contains a Web site must have a Web server program. Two leading Web servers are Apache, most widely installed web server, and Microsoft Internet’s Information Server (IIS). Others include Novell’s Web Server for users of its NetWare. 1. Apache is free while IIS is packaged with Windows. 2. IIS only runs on Windows while Apache can run on almost any Operating System including UNIX, Apple’s OS X, and on most Linux Distributions. Moreover, IIS has a dedicated staff to answer most problems while support for Apache comes from the community itself. 3. IIS is optimized for Windows because they are from the same company. The Windows OS is prone to security risks.
5. The value of the Transaction ID is 0xe6746a7d. The second ID is 0xe4eff25f. A Transaction ID is used so that the DHCP server can differentiate client requests whilst in the the request process.
IPv4 is the original internet addressing system. It is a protocol which was used on packet-switched networks. Delivery model is how it operates at its best without a guaranteed avoidance of duplicate in delivery or assurance of proper sequencing. Some aspects include data integrity which is mostly addressed by TCP. IPV4 uses binary notation to sort at time IP address that consist of 32 bits. It is a practice to convert the 32 bits of an IPv4 address into four 8 bit known as octets. With each octet converted to a decimal number (base 10) from (0–255) and parted by a period developed a format called dotted decimal notation. IPv4 has a category of address class types: Class A, B, C, D and E. The class A addresses are used for big networks and always start with zero bits. Each Class A address network can hold up as many as 16,777,216 hosts.
What does HTTP stand for and what is used for? HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, it is the protocol over which information is sent from a user's web browser to the website they are visiting
The internet was created to test new networking technologies developed to eventually aid the military. The Arpanet, advanced research projects agency network, became operational in 1968 after it was conceived by Leanard Roberts (Watrall, T101, 2/2). Ever since the Arpanet began in 1968, it grew exponentially in the number of connected users. Traffic and host population became too big for the network to maintain, due to the killer application known as email created in 1972. The outcry for a better way sparked the development of the NSFNet. The National Science Foundation Network replaced Arpanet, and ultimately had many positive effects. This early division of the internet spread its netw...
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a standard used to allow multiple PCs on a private network to share a single, globally routable IPv4 address. NAT enables a user to have a large set of addresses internally and usually one address externally. The main reason NAT is often deployed is because IPv4 addresses are getting scarce. NAT is an immediate, but temporary, solution to the IPv4 address exhaustion problem that will eventually be rendered unnecessary with the deployment of the IPv6. The Internet Engineering Task Force has been aware of the impending depletion of the current address space for almost a decade.
Roberts, Richard M. "Network Secrurity." Networking Fundamentals. 2nd ed. Tinley Park, IL: Goodheart-Willcox, 2005. 599-639. Print.
Ten years ago, the Internet as we know it hit screens. It was 1995 when Explorer and Netscape emerged as the leading browsers for Internet users. Of course, a lot has changed since the days when it took several minutes to load one Web page. Today, URLs are as common as phone numbers for most businesses.
This helps the website to run on different platforms and be accessible. They use the web services to enable themselves to share data or use data from other websites like integrating Google Maps in its pages(API’s), also they can use web feeds to share data and receive content updates from users favorite websites, like RSS.... ... middle of paper ... ... RIAs make use of Ajax to create robust user interfaces within the browser to do everything that you can do with a desktop application.
The Internet is a global network connecting millions of personal, institutional and company computers. The number of computers used by the internet is growing rapidly. The United States is connected with over 100 countries worldwide and linked together to exchange of data, news and opinions. The Internet is decentralized design. This means that there isn't just one computer that stores all of the information from the Internet. There are many independent host servers located throughout the US and the world that store the information made available to the global Internet community.
Thanks to the HTTP, a web server running some simple software programs can acquire our IP address and then gather information about us from our own computer. This information can be anywhere from what kind of software the computer is running to gaining access to all our email contacts. Sometimes less desirabl...
QUES 1. A router has the following CIDR entries in the routing table: Address/Mask Next Hop 135.46.56.0/22 Interface 0 135.46.60.0/22 Interface 1 192.53.40.0/23 Router 1 Default Router 2 For each of the following IP addresses, what does the router do if a packet with that address arrive? 1. 135.46.63.10 Ans: The router will check the routing entry starting with the longest prefix (/23), 192.53.40.0/23. /23 mean network address is 23 bit and the corresponding network mask is 255.255.255.0. 135.45.63.10 and 255.255.254.0 = 135.45.62.0 != 192.53.40.0 therefore this entry does not match. Next longest prefix is /22. 135.45.63.10 and 255.255.252.0=135.45.60.0. it matches 135.45.60.0/22 routing entry, therefore that packet will be routed out over
The first step is to register a domain name. A domain name is used to identify your unique location on the web. There are a...
The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The Internet enables communication and transmission of data between computers at different locations. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently includes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. There are many reasons why the Internet is important these reasons include: The net adapts to damage and error, data travels at 2/3 the speed of light on copper and fiber, the internet provides the same functionality to everyone, the net is the fastest growing technology ever, the net promotes freedom of speech, the net is digital, and can correct errors. Connecting to the Internet cost the taxpayer little or nothing, since each node was independent, and had to handle its own financing and its own technical requirements.
The World Wide Web (WWW or "the Web"). The largest, fastest growing activity on the Internet. What is the World Wide Web and what makes it work? The WWW incorporates all of the Internet services above and much more. You can retrieve documents, view images, animation, and video, listen to sound files, speak and hear voice, and view programs that run on practically any software in the world, providing your computer has the hardware and software to do these things.
TCP/IP is a network model which enables the communication across the Internet. The most fundamental protocol on which the Internet is built. This is made up of the 2 common networking protocols, TCP, for Transmission Control Protocol, and IP, for Internet Protocol. TCP maintains and handles packet flow linking the systems and IP protocol has the ability to handle the routing of packets. However The TCP/IP stack consists of 5 layers first being application layer, the transport layer, then the network layer, the link layer and finally the physical layer. The assignment focuses on the three middle layers and is divided into five parts. Firstly explaining how the TCP and UDP the most vital protocols needed to deliver and communicate.