Assessment of Three Government Policies Measures to Increase Labour Mobility
Labour mobility refers to the freedom of workers to practice their
occupation wherever opportunities exist. This may mean changing
occupation (occupational mobility) or moving to work in another area
(geographical mobility). A lack of mobility is identified as a cause
of structural unemployment. This is where mismatches occur and
unemployed workers are unable or unwilling to fill existing vacancies
due to the skills shortages- occupational immobility or shortages in
particular areas-geographical mobility
Governments use various measures to improve mobility .In the UK these
include the New Deal, job centres and affordable housing schemes in
certain areas of the country.
The New Deal is a key part of the government's strategy to get people
back to work. It gives people on benefits the help and support they
need to look for work including training and job preparation. It also
gives the unemployed the opportunity to develop the skills and
experience that employers want so they can find lasting, worthwhile
jobs. At the same time, New Deal aims to improve the overall skills
base of the British workforce and provide help to employers whose
businesses are suffering from staff shortages. Participants can
receive intensive advice, counseling and guidance to help them find
employment or can choose from four options:
1) Subsidised employment, 2) full time education and training, 3)
voluntary work 4) Working for the government's environmental task
force.
Failure to accept one of these options or paid employment can result
in the withdrawal of part of the...
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...rent areas.
Full employment is a key factor in the economic development of a
country as it helps to increase the standard of living for its people.
Labour mobility both occupationally and geographically will go a long
way to help achieve this.
In conclusion, I believe that the New Deal has been the most
successful method of improving occupational mobility because it has
helped people develop skills which can be used in industries where
workers are needed. However a weakness of this is that not all the
skills taught are relevant and there are still some areas where there
is a skills deficiency. On the other hand the best method of tackling
geographical immobility is the building of houses and giving benefits
to doctors, nurses etc because it gives them an incentive to move to
areas where their skills are needed.
Whiteside, Noel and James Gillespie. "Deconstructing Unemployment: Developments in Britain in the Interwar Years," The Economic History Review, Vol. 44, No. 4. (Nov., 1991), pp. 665-682.
This article stated that, according to a study conducted by the United Way and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), approximately 40% of young workers in Ontario are in jobs classified as part-time, temporary or self-employed. The same study also found that less than half of part-time/temporary workers were able to transition into full-time higher-wage work and, perhaps most importantly, the percentage of those able to transition will likely decline over the next decade. Clearly, the growth of part-time and temporary jobs has been growing on an upward trend over the past decade and appears to have become part of business as usual. A study conducted in 2015 by the United Way and the Law Commission of Ontario (LCO) states that approximately 22% of part-time/temporary work in the past year can be characterized as precarious work, i.e. work with poor or no benefits and job security. The growth in precarious employment is due to many factors including Globalization, improved technology, changes to business models, and the economic shift from manufacturing to the service sector. These shifts have essentially formed a new economy that has a high demand for fluidity and flexibility in the common workplace, and has low a demand for the old fashioned “Standard” model of the workplace (largely full-time employees with a full suite of
Assessment of the Success of the New Deal FDR introduced the New Deal to help the people most affected by the depression of October 1929. The Wall Street Crash of October 24th 1929 in America signalled the start of the depression in which America would fall into serious economic depression. The depression started because some people lost confidence in the fact that their share prices would continue to rise forever, they sold their shares which started a mass panic in which many shares were sold. The rate at which people were selling their shares was so quick that the teleprinters could not keep up, therefore share prices continued to fall making them worthless. Also causing many people to lose their jobs as the owners of factories could not afford to pay the workers wages.
However, it was a success in restoring public confidence and creating new programs that brought relief to millions of Americans. The New Deal provided Americans with the assurance that things were finally changing. People were being employed, acts were passed, discrimination was addressed and women's opportunities were restored.
Precarious employment is work that is not secure, generally does not include any type of benefits, and is paid so lowly that it generally does not meet the living wage. This type of employment is unfortunately a growing trend in today’s societies due to many factors such as outsourcing, globalization, a saturated job market, shifts from manufacturing to the service sector and jobs also being replaced by computerized units. When speaking on precariousness these trends also affect European societies due to the fact that the outsourcing is generally to places where labour is extremely cheap in order to lower the costs of goods such as Asia and South America. This growing trend is also resulting in negative effects on the economy such as the bottoming out of the middle class and a large amount of citizens living below the poverty line and not able to earn a livable wage. Minimum Wage is on the incline, however, it is still not enough to live on practically and there are many other factors that make precarious work disadvantageous other than the wages such as job security and room for growth and promotion within the company. The negative changes to the job market brought on by the changes to it have resulted in higher expectations and demands from the employers which reduce the amount of people which are eligible for what are now known as “good jobs”. These good jobs generally entail a livable wage, benefits, more flexibility and better job security. Precarious work is categorized and gendered as women and immigrants make up the vast majority of employees in this type of work. Since precarious work affects citizens on a global scale, in this essay, there will be comparisons and contrasts drawn between precarious work in Canada ...
...onger had any savings left to live off of. The New Deal program enhanced the lives of Americans during the Great Depression and changed the role of the federal government. Most historians agree that the New Deal was what helped alleviate many of the problems during the Great Depression and has been said to have ended the Great Depression.
Where many of us run into conflict is in determining what is considered an appropriate spans of time for an individual or family to be enrolled in the program. In his economic article in The Atlantic, senior editor Derek Thompson supplies an informative graphic depicting several levels of the ‘unemployment insurance ladder’.
On December 4th, 2013 in a speech at the Center for American Progress addressing the issue of Economic Mobility in the U.S. President Obama stated, “I believe this is the defining challenge of our time: Making sure our economy works for every working American. It’s why I ran for President. It was at the center of last year’s campaign. It drives everything I do in this office. And I know I’ve raised this issue before, and some will ask why I raise the issue again right now. I do it because the outcomes of the debates we’re having right now -- whether it’s health care, or the budget, or reforming our housing and financial systems -- all these things will have real, practical implications for every American. And I am convinced that the decisions we make on these issues over the next few years will determine whether or not our children will grow up in an America where opportunity is real”. The President’s remarks were in response to a growing concern in our country that income inequality has increased and lack of upward mobility has decreased. Too many citizens have incomes so low that they struggle to make end meet, and Americans are no longer sold on the concept of the “Land of Opportunity”, or the promise that if you work hard, you have a chance to get ahead.
Welfare and unemployment benefits have been highly debated topics. According to statisticbrain.com (as of 9.10.2013), 12,800,000 Americans are on welfare, 46,700,000 Americans are on food stamps, and 5,600,000 are on unemployment insurance. In total, 4.1% of the U.S population is on welfare, accumulating a total of $131.9 billion total government spending on just welfare alone, that’s not including food stamps or unemployment.
It is the role of every government to safeguard its people in all matters including controlling the economy. Every economy faces different challenges including the business cycles that may emanate from the global market. In this paper we try to examine measures taken by the UK’s coalition government in trying to ensure that the economy benefits every citizen and reduces the overall burden to it. We consider the recent comprehensive review on spending.
Government policy environment – a desire to reduce unemployment and make the economy attractive to inward investment as a source of employment and long-term growth
This essay seeks to investigate the negative and positive effects of migration in London. As the London Migration Observatory claim London has the largest number of migrants among all regions of the United Kingdom (UK). About 37% of the UK’s foreign-born population was in London (LMO, Dr.Rienzo and Dr.Vargas-Silva). Furthermore, According to the Benton-Smith statistic, London is the 5th International city in the world after New York, Toronto, Dubai and Los Angeles.That is why author choose this city. This research will analyze the impacts of migration to the London in the different aspects, such as social and economy.
Completion of Employment System Review and ongoing exploration of additional barriers for specific designated groups
The unemployed are such a well known poverty group that many people picture unemployment and poverty as being the same. It is important to realize that this is false. Not all who are unemployed are impoverished, and not everyone living in poverty is unemployed. It is true however, that the unemployed form a large poverty group with a diverse and challenging set of problems facing them. In exploring some of these problems, much more can be learned about the plight of the unemployed living in poverty.
Petersen, A. C., & Mortimer, J. T. (2011). Youth unemployment and society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.