"Genocide in Rwanda." United Human Rights Council. United Human Rights Council, n.d. Web. 18 Nov 2013. .
The Tutsi race has long held control over the Rwandan government because, though they only make up an approximate 14 percent of the Rwanda population, the Europeans who took over the country chose them because they were said to resemble the Europeans more than the Hutus. The Hutus later started a revelution for independence that the Belgian, who controlled the country at the time, quickly ended it by letting the Hutu run the government instead of the Tutsi. Of course, this did not make the Hutu forget the years of oppression they suffered at the hands of the Tutsi. So, naturally, there were Hutus who believed that the Tutsi race should be exterminated. These people were called Hutu extremists. The Hutu etremists within the government blamed the Tutsi as a whole for the countrys' st...
Africa has been an interesting location of conflicts. From the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea to the revolutionary conflict in Libya and Egypt, one of the greatest conflicts is the Rwandan Genocide. The Rwandan Genocide included two tribes in Rwanda: Tutsis and Hutus. Upon revenge, the Hutus massacred many Tutsis and other Hutus that supported the Tutsis. This gruesome war lasted for a 100 days. Up to this date, there have been many devastating effects on Rwanda and the global community. In addition, many people have not had many acknowledgements for the genocide but from this genocide many lessons have been learned around the world.
The definition of genocide as given in the Webster's College Dictionary is "The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group." This definition depicts the situation in 1994 of Rwanda, a small, poor, central African country. The Rwandan genocide was the systematic extermination of over eight hundred thousand Tutsi, an ethnic group in Rwanda, by the Hutu, another ethnic group in Rwanda. In this essay I will briefly describe the history of the conflict of the Hutu and Tutsi, the 100 days of genocide in 1994, and the affects of the massacre on the economy and the people of Rwanda.
The Rwandan Genocide was a time of ruthless slaughter carried out by the inequality between the Hutu and Tutsi. This time of 100 days of slaughter and death would shake the Rwandan, and international community for years to come. Survivors still are fortunately alive to recall the awful events that happened in Rwanda. Many human rights laws, activist, organizations would now form as a result of this genocide.
“Governments are mandated by international law to protect people from genocide,” said human rights activist, Bianca Jagger, referring to the law that the United Nations failed to uphold during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. The United Nations refused to send aid to the citizens of Rwanda claiming that the atrocities were a civil war. However, this was clearly not a civil war, because only one ethnic group was armed and prepared to exterminate the other ethnic group. The Tutsi ethnic group was defined as being superior to the Hutu ethnic group by early colonists because they possessed more caucasian like features. Over time, the Hutu grew hateful of the Tutsi, because they controlled more governmental power, had prefered access to education, and received higher social status. Out of jealousy and a sense of injustice, the Hutu people became the perpetrators in the Rwandan genocide. A genocide is the intent to destroy a group by killing members of the group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to the group, and transferring children of the group to another group (Stanton). The United Nations needs to recognize the killing and near extermination of the Tutsi people as a genocide, in order to prevent future genocides from being mishandled the same way. Unsupported by the United Nations, it took the Rwandan Patriotic Front, a group of escaped Tutsis, 100 days to stop the genocide. If the U.N. had acted as soon as the first signs of the genocide appeared they could have prevented a tragic loss of lives. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 should be classified as a genocide by the United Nations because the actions of the perpetrators reflect the stages of polarization and extermination in Stanton’s theory of the eight stages of genocide.
In order to understand the Rwandan genocide’s cause, it is important to have an understanding of the history of ethnic tension between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes. The Rwandan Kingdom, which lasted from the 11th to 20th century, was traditionally led by a Tutsi king, or mwami. While the Hutus had some power, a majority of them were poor peasants. The end of the kingdom came when Belgium colonized Rwanda and identified the separate tribes with identity cards. The Tutsis were favored by the Belgians becaus...
After the Europeans supported the Hutus, they began the revolt. By 1959 the Hutus had gained power and were taking land from the Tutsis. The Tutsis moved to neighboring countries and created the Front Patriotique Rwandais and were trained by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The Hutus finally gained independence for Rwanda in 1962. The new Hutus government, which was inexperienced, had problems. Tension between the people grew and in 1990 the civil war began and didn 't end till 1993. Then in 1994 the Hutus President’s plane was shot down, and the Hutus believe it was the Tutsi that did it, and the Tutsi believe the Hutus people did it to have a reason to start the genocide. The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 happened over a period of 100 days. The brutality perpetrated by the Hutus upon the Tutsis resulted in 800,000 deaths After the Genocide the government get rid of ethnicity cards that would be able to ethnically identify them. In today’s Rwandan society the Hutus and the Tutsis get along, because they have realized that they are similar to each other when it comes to everyday
Before World War I Rwanda erected under German rule, after losing an abundance in the Treaty Versailles Germany forced to surrender the Rwandan territory (Fisanick, 16). Belgium acquired Rwanda and the divisions of Tutsi and Hutu were furthered defined. Only Tutsi’s had access to education and Belgium put them in direct power and left the Hutu’s to be the impoverished of Rwanda, making Hutu’s angry with the Tutsis. Tutsis were the ones who could buy cows and other means of agriculture, which remains Rwanda’s core source of income and trading. Yet, shift in status came in 1960 when Hutu’s over through Tutsis leader (Fisanick, 29). In addition, owning cows and farming became a sign of low social status, mainly for the reason that that’s how Tutsis lived. Under Hutu power the economy collapsed, due to a rough harvesting year (Fisanick, 29-30). The nation suffered from hunger and numerous other deficits that increased Hutu’s anger with Tutsis, “The Tutsis became a scapegoat in Rwanda society (Harperen,
Rwanda has almost always been somewhat of a melting pot, much like other African nations. People of various ethnicities, occupations, and social classes lived in the country without much more trouble than the surrounding nations. Even so, much like other nations, Rwanda still had underlying issues beneath the surface that still had to be faced. Beginning on April 9th, 1994, the genocide had begun, leading to a systematic killing of over 800,000 Rwandans. For what reason were these people killed to begin with? Each of these people were killed for being either Tutsi, an upper-classed ethnic group in the nation, or for refusing to partake in the barbaric bloodletting. After the confrontations between the “upper class” Tutsi and the “lower class” Hutu subsided at the outset of the summer of 1994, the grim horror of what had just happened finally sunk in. More disgustingly, it seemed that the entire world had watched in dull horror as Rwandans – neighbors, friends, families- slaughtered each other, and rather than assist, they continued on with daily activities, as if nothing was happening. Even the organization that had been established to prevent this exact dilemma from occurring, the United Nations, had failed to actually help anyone, even though there were plenty of members of the UN right there in Rwanda as this was happening. Overall, the United Nations, and the entire world itself, had either been too poorly organized, too cowardly, or too apathetic to even begin to ever do any good outside of their proper nations.
In April of 1994, the converging forces of history culminated in one of the Twentieth Century’s most brutal crimes against humanity, in the small East African nation of Rwanda. In just one hundred days, by official estimates, over 800,000 Tutsi men, women, and children were slaughtered at the hands of Hutu majority population and government (Scheffer, 125). It is estimated that 333 human beings were slaughtered per hour during this period (Do Scars Ever Fade). By all accounts, this was a preventable genocide. The world’s most powerful nations received damning evidence regarding the mass slaughter of innocent civilians, yet refused to intervene (Ferroggiagio).
During the 100-day period after April 6, 1994, between 800, 000 and one million Tutsi people were slaughtered. (Genocide in the 20th Century: Rwanda 1994) On April 7, roadblocks began to appear and soldiers began scouring the country for any person whose identification card read “Tutsi”. Entire families were murdered, often by their own neighbors and friends, and occasionally by relatives through marriage. Eleven year-old Hamis Kamuhanda recounted his experience in an interview with a reporter from the British Broadc...
The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 was not only one of the most remarkable tragedies in Rwanda, but is often recalled as one of the most gruesome massacres in all of history. The Rwandan Genocide was an attack on the Tutsi minority from the Hutu majority, the two major ethnic groups of Rwanda. According to the Survivors Fund (SURF), an estimated eight hundred thousand to one million Tutsis, along with some moderate Hutus, were slaughtered over the course of the one hundred day genocide ("Statistics"). The Huffington Post states, "If we follow the U.N. 's estimate, that means that nearly six men, women and children were murdered every minute of every hour of every day," ("5 Staggering Statistics"). Nevertheless, little assistance was provided for the Tutsis during the Rwandan Genocide. The lack of empathy from other nations during the massacre was remarkable. The entire world watched the genocide play out, yet almost all of the observers turned a blind eye and waited for the United Nations to intervene. Although the Tutsis longed for a savior, the U.N. did not intervene until it was far too late.
Rwanda used to be a peaceful country until the Civil war started. Belgium then took over Rwanda and put the Tutsis in charge of the government because they had more European characteristics like the Belgium population (Anderson 1). This upset the Hutus, so the Hutus then blamed the Tutsis for the president’s assassination. The Rwandan genocide then started on April 6, 1994. It lasted for 100 brutal days. The Hutus then began to slaughter the Tutsis because there was no government control, so it was a perfect time to rebel. There were two Hutu rebellion forces named the Interhamwe which means, “Those Who Attack Together” and the Impuzamugami which means “Those Who Have the Same Goal.” There were many people that killed people close to them. Co-workers killed co-workers, friends killed friends, neighbors killed neighbors, and husband killed wives. They did this to save their own lives. They would have been killed themselves if they didn’t kill who they were told to kill (Rosenberg 1). According to Factsbits, the Hutu leaders manipulated other Hutus into killing their family, friends, and acquaintances. The Rwandan conflict is genocide because thousands of people were killed, the Hutus tried to wipe out the Tutsis, and all of this was based on ...