Aspirin and its impact today
Aspirin, as it is known today, is a substance called acetylsalicylic acid or ASA for short. It is used all around the world as a blood thinner and to get rid of inflammation, pain and fever. The name aspirin has survived for a long period of time now, it is known throughout the world. It is far from being replaced or changed by later medicines and vanishing from the world’s formularies and pharmacopoeias, it is unique in comparison to all of its rivals in the medicine and drugs world and it is still growing, rather than shrinking or disappearing, in its use and indications.
Aspirin is now widely available in over 80 countries around the world. It is known as the most successful non-prescription drug of all time. Aspirin was one of the very first drugs that was made available in tablet-form many years ago it was first only available in its natural form. Aspirin today is used for many reasons, some of these uses are pain relief, inflammation and fever. When used to reduce cardiovascular risk, aspirin is the most cost-effective of all drugs available at present in clinical practice and therefore where at recent times anywhere where cost savings can be made will always be very economically beneficial.
There have been countless studies carried out in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe to analyse and evaluate the safety and efficiency of aspirin for the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular indications and dosing information. Some of these major studies that are FDA improved include the ISIS - 2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival), SALT (Swedish Aspirin Low-Dose Trial), ESPS-2 (European Stroke Prevention Study), UK-TIA (United Kingdom Transient Ischaemic Attack) Aspirin Trial, SAPAT (...
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...t/aspirin/other-aspirin-studies.aspx [Accessed 30 Apr. 2014].
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Aspirin was prepared according to the protocol provided on Blackboard. The three sections to this experiment were 1. Synthesis of Aspirin, 2. Recrystallization of Aspirin, and 3. Characterization of Aspirin.
Aspirin is much more than just a pill to take for aches, it has changed life for the better. It is used for medical purposes as well as everyday household needs. If people did not know about this simple yet life-changing molecule, the world would not be the same.
Wieczner mentions that “in its new statement, Mylan again pointed to pointed to health insurance trends “driven by the implementation of the Affordable Care Act” as the reason patients “have faced higher costs for their medicine” (n.pag.). Executives including Bresch of Mylan reference EpiPen as her baby, because this is Mylan’s first billion-dollar drug, that reach $1 billion in 2014 and 2015 sales (Wieczner n.pag.). When Mylan bought EpiPen as part of a negotiation with Merck in 2007, the drug had previously been on the market for almost twenty-five years and the drug’s original approval in the United States was in 1939, yet it was not that well-known back in that time (Wieczner n.pag.). Back then, in sales, EpiPen was earning less than $250 million (Wieczner n.pag.). Npw, forty-seven states have laws about forming epinephrine auto-injectors to be available in schools in case of a severe allergic reaction, mainly as a result of Bresch’s endeavors (Wieczner
COX-1: Cox-1 is responsible to protect the lining of the stomach and to regulate blood platelets. It also decreases fever and regulates blood platelets promoting blood clotting. NSAIDS and aspirin can be used for inhibition of Cox-1 for the desirable effect of decreasing platelets aggregation, but it can also decrease the protection of stomach lining. As a result, it can cause bleeding and
During the 1900's, the McNeil company developed and established Tylenol into a well known and recommended analgesic. It has become recognized world wide as a safe brand of acetaminophen. The name Tylenol has become identified as a trusted, safe drug that people can easily purchase over the counter for their ailments. Tylenol is still recommended by doctors even though there was a cyanide scare in the history of the company. It has been discovered by my independent survey that consumers use Tylenol for their pet's needs also.
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
Heart disease can take many forms. The form of heart disease I am focusing on is coronary disease. Different arteries supply different areas of the heart with oxygenated blood. If one or more of these arteries become narrowed or clogged as a result of coronary artery disease, or atherscelorosis the artery cannot fully supply the part of the heart it is responsible for. The heart is an effective pump only when good blood supply is maintained to all heart muscles.
Sticher, M. A., Smith, C. B., & Davidson, S. (2010). Reducing heart disease through the
Pharmacy is a booming field when it comes to medicine, but it certainly has controversial issues such as compounding drugs. While the practice of making drugs customized to a patient seems ethical, there are problems that come along with it. Drug compounding was the norm in the past, but over time consumers began to see issues with it. Drug compounding still occurs to this day because some patients do need medicine specifically tailored to their needs. Compounding has also been the focus of recent disasters, some of which occurred less than two years ago. Whatever side one may take on this issue, it is clear that compounding medicine will be a polarizing issue for years to come.
U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Sept. 2011. Web. The Web. The Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
Myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome require the same medications such as: “aspirin, nitroglycerin, morphine, beta blockers, and thrombolytics” (Smeltzer, pp. 744, 2010) Oxygen administration and a 12-lead electrocardiogram is also required upon arrival to the hospital. A PCIS is a procedure for “opening the occluded artery and providing perfusion to the area of the heart that has been deprived of oxygen” and should be done in less than one hour of patient arrival (Smeltzer, pp. 745, 2010). When a PCI is contraindicated or unavailable at a certain facility, thrombolytics are admistered to “dissolve the thrombus in a coronary artery” in order for reperfusion to the deoxygenated area of the heart to occur (Smeltzer, pp. 745, 2010). After the initial medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome and a myocardial infarction, “continuous cardiac monitoring” is required to ensure that another episode is not going to occur (Smeltzer, 745, 2010). Monitoring is preferably done on an intensive care unit because of the severity of the complications that could occur. Medications such as “aspirin, beta-blockers, and an ACE inhibitor” is included in the ongoing treatment (Smeltzer, pp. 745, 2010). Cardiac rehabilitation is initiated after the patient with acute coronary
... you should take baby aspirin (81 mg). The earlier a patient takes preventative measures the less a patient has to worry about taking other medication such Warfarin which have many adverse side effects such as excessive bleeding. Patients need to continuously check legs for any signs and symptoms of DVT.
... patients with heart failure: Impact on patients. American Journal of Critical Care, 20(6), 431-442.
Background Information Aspirin is an analgesic (pain relieving) and an antipyretic drug (a drug that lowers body temperature). The main constituent of aspirin is 2 - ethanoythydroxybenzoic acid, also known as acetylsalicyclic acid (shown below right). It was originally made from just salicylic acid (which is found in the bark of a willow tree) when used by the Ancient Greeks to counter fever and pain, but its bitterness and tendency to irritate the stomach caused problems. These were resolved by the German chemist Felix Hoffman, who made the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid in the
Crumbie, A. (2007) Caring for the patient with a cardiovascular disorder In: Wash, M. & Crumbie, A. Watson’s Clinical Nursing and Related Sciences. 7th Ed. Bailliere Tindall Elsevier. London pg 244 – 324.