Aryan Invasion Theory
The major theory that has been repeated throughout time, to interrupt
the evolution of India and migration of man, has been the Aryan
Invasion Theory. According to this account, India was invaded and
conquered by a nomadic tribe of Indo-European tribes from Central Asia
around 1500-100 BC. It was said that these light skinned nomads fought
a major battle with the darker skinned "Dravidian Civilization, from
which they took most of what later, became the Hindu culture." The
Aryan Invasion Theory is based upon ruins that were discovered in the
Indus valley. The Aryan people also cite how the Aryan Vedic
scriptures explain a war between the powers of light and darkness.
This was therefore interpreted throughout time, to mean that the war
occurred between a lighter skinned civilization (Aryans) and more dark
skinned civilization. Scholars believed that the Aryans came into
India around the time of 1500 BC, since the Indus Valley culture was
earlier than this, they concluded that it had to be preAryan. It was
also assumed by these same scholars, much of them who were of Christian
origin, and unsympathetic to the Vedic culture, that the Vedic culture
originated from primitive nomads from Central Asia. Thus, the Vedic
culture could not have found any "urban culture like that of the Indus
Valley." The Vedic culture was thus said to be warriors of Central
Asian decent who came into India with horse drawn chariots and iron
weapons. However, there was never any chariots or iron discovered in
Indus Valley sites. The whole idea of nomads with chariots has been
challenged. How could these nomads travel through rough mountain
valleys (in tough weather ) with these chariots? Horse drawn chariots,
were vehicles that were most likely used in lands that were mostly
flat. Therefore, it can be said that the metals and wheel fragments
that were discovered could come from the Vedic culture. Opponents of
the Aryan Invasion theory, point to many different flaws in the
theory. First off, some scholars now believe that it may have been
just a pure biased opinion that has been passed on throughout time.
The Aryan Invasion Theory served to divide India into a northern Aryan
and southern Dravidian culture, which were hostile to each other.
This theory also gave the British an excuse in their conquest of
India. They could claim to only be doing what their Aryan ancestors
had previously done. Lastly, by implementing the Aryan Invasion
Theory, the history and science of India was given a mostly Greek
There are both similarities and differences between the Raven of Edger Allen Poe’s “The Raven” and the Raven from Native American mythology.
Ridley, who has a Ph.D. in zoology, is a big supporter of the Darwinian view of the world. He views the genome as a historical documentation of our species from its conception. He describes our evolutionary history. He tells about the mass extinctions that occurred in the past, and that it was by chance our cellular ancestors survived these events. Ridley gives us an insight into molecular biology by choosing one gene from each or our 23 chromosomes and elaborating on it. Along with evolution and microbiology, this book goes into other fields of biology, including medicine and biotechnology.
Race, gender, and socioeconomic status are enduring social characteristics that influence life outcomes and children and adolescents cannot control (Murphy, Gaughan, Hume, & Moore, 2010). With the unequal distribution of society’s resources based on race and gender and the negative view of African American males, African American males’ ability to access and complete college is hampered. Although athletics is often viewed as a way to improve one’s life chances, African-American male athletes perform worse academically than any of their peers (Murphy, Gaughan, Hume, & Moore, 2010), which threatens their college completion goals.
"Did Columbus Bring Syphilis to Europe?: Scientific American." Did Columbus Bring Syphilis to Europe?: Scientific American. N.p., 11 Aug. 2011. Web. 12 Dec. 2013.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitting infection caused by Treonema pallidum, a gram negative, and anaerobic spirochete bacteria 1. Syphilis is thought to have been brought to Europe by Columbus and his sailors in the 1500’s 1. The disease is characterized by four different stages with varying symptoms depending on the stage that the disease is in1. Often syphilis is presented with another sexually transmitted infection such as chlamydia. Public education regarding safe sex is important for the prevention of this sexually transmitted infection.
Syphilis is considered to be a Treponemal disease. Some symptoms include inflammatory changes in the tissue throughout the body. Usually the person will notice it around the site where the bacteria entered the body. It will then continue to change the soft tissue in the body and finally will start to affect the bones. So where exactly did this disease come from? Well there is no concrete answer. “The origin and antiquity of syphilis are among the greatest historical and scientific questions in the history of medicine” (George J. Armelegos, 2012). It is suggested that Columbus and his crew brought syphilis to the New World in 1493, but some even speculate that it originated in the Old World and simply went unrecognized until the early fifteenth century aka the Columbian and pre-Columbian hypotheses. To elaborate the Columbian hypothesis originated in New World and was carried to Europe by Columbus’s crew in 1493 which in effect caused the epidemic of 1500 to a population that had not been previously...
A long-standing issue in America is racism with Caucasians historically being the dominant race. Although racism is not as severe of an issue as it was in the past, even today there is still a population of people, known as White Supremacists, that believe Christian Caucasians are supreme over all other collective groups. There are many White Supremacist groups, which have nuances among them. For example, some are politically focused trying to only have certain officials elected, while others are religiously focused trying to further their religious ideals. Some are even radical as well going so far as to harass and even murder those who are not like them. One of the groups focusing specifically on religion is the Aryan Nations. Aryan Nations, a religiously driven, American white supremacist group, perverts biblical text to rationalize their beliefs for themselves and recruitment of more members. Members of the Aryan Nations believe in racism, segregation, and have acted on their beliefs.
Until its eradication, smallpox was a disease that had been ravaging the human race for a very long time. It emerged as much as 10,000 years ago, probably in the Nile Valley and what is now the Middle East. This emergence occurred around the time that humans began to create farming communities and turn away from nomadic existence, thus allowing the smallpox virus a chance to move from person to person (Ogden 2). Since that time, outbreaks have occurred in all different regions of the globe, although the disease was not introduced into the New World until 1518 when a Spanish ship landed on the island of Hispaniola, thus wiping out half of the population. The Spanish sailors had previously been infected by a strain of the smallpox virus and were therefore immune. The natives, however, had never been exposed to the virus and their bodies were unable to fight it off at all. It is thought that as much as 90 percent of the native populations of the New World were killed by smallpox in conjunction with the other previously unseen diseases that were brought over by explorers (Ogden 3).
First, Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) was born into a wealthy family in Florence, Italy. Her father valued education so he taught her. Her family didn’t want her to be a nurse because back then nurses were looked down upon and were lower class. She left for Germany and got formal training on being a nurse. She became a superintendent of a hospital and then went to help in the Crimean War. She noticed the conditions of the hospitals during the war and she started to improve hygiene, nutrition, and level of care. She opened a nurse training school and reformed the army hospitals. She wrote a book about being a nurse. She believed nurses should require training and be educated. Florence Nightingale’s legacy of caring focuses on nursing and the
CRT or Critical Race Theory is used to analyze literature by looking at cultures and races as a whole. It states that racism is intertwined in our society, and that our culture has racist tendencies. Race has to be looked at as a “formation” in which whites have the highest power. Toni Morrison’s short story “Recitatif” is a great example to use the critical race theory lens on. This story is
In the great era of foundational philosophers, two stand out, Plato and Thoreau. Each had their own opinion on various topics, especially on civil disobedience. Plato’s life span was approximately 428-348 BC. Plato wrote numerous works throughout his lifetime, however we will be focusing on one, the Crito. Thoreau’s life span was 1817-1862. To help us determine what civil disobedience means to both of these philosophers we will first look at a general definition. According to Merriam-Webster civil disobedience is defined as “refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government.” This definition will act as a springboard to compare and contrast both of their thoughts on the topic. We will determine, according to Plato and Thoreau, when we are called to engage in civil disobedience and when the moral parameters of civil disobedience are pushed too far.
The Olympic Games is an international athletic event held every four years in a different country. In modern day, over 200 countries participate in the event with over eleven thousand athletes competing. Although, numerous athletes and countries have used the Olympic Games as a source to gain recognition, pride and success. Furthermore, no kind of demonstration or political, religious, or racial propaganda is permitted, but in the 1936 Olympic Games that was not the case . As Hitler rose to power in Germany early 1930’s, his idea which he called Aryan which described as “pure German race”, was used in the 1936 Olympic Games. He used the sporting event as a way to reveal to the world that the Aryan race was superior. This myth was diminished during the
German imperialism, though mainly isolated to Africa it has had a colossal impact on the world as it is today. The effects of their policies, atrocities and advancements cannot be measured.(Lynn pg.20) The effects they had stretch from directly influencing the First World War, and as minuscule as reorganizing world borders. Their massacre of indigenous peoples at Woohvi, and other colonies taught the world what monsters can lay beneath a clean cut surface. Also their advancements in military tactics and technology as well as trade and commerce are still models that people look to today. It was for the good of the fatherland they said, but is the advancement of a culture truly worth the loss of another? This was not a question the Germans asked of themselves when laying waste to the culture and peoples that had the misfortune of residing in their African holdings.
When Nightingale was 16 years of age, she cared for the sick villagers near her family’s home. At this point in her life she knew nursing was what she wanted to pursue. In 1854 she was asked to put together a team of nurses who could care for sick and injured soldiers. She gathered thirty-eight other nurses together to staff a hospital overseas for the British army during the Crimean War. Nightingale trained herself for this great profession we call nursing, as she approached the hospital she knew what steps she needed to take to get her patients well. The first step was cleaning up the environment, the hospital was not what she expected at all! Towels contained dry blood and sewage discharge. She was not very big on the concept of bacterial infection; she did not accept the crowding and unsanitary environment. Although Florence was a very successful woman and due to her desire to help others nursing has
Her work on environment modification was proven to have improved the hospital mortality rate from 32 % to 2 % in six months indicating the empirical precision of the model (Winkelestein, 2009). Nightingale defined health as the ability to use one’s power well and to be well and believed health is affected by nature stating “nature alone could cure disease” (Butts & Rich, 2015, p. 381). The other element of Nightingale’s model of care was nursing, which was viewed as caring that fostered health and teaching to ensure health promotion for those who are sick and those who are well (Butts & Rich, 2015). The derivable consequence of Nightingale’s model is corroborated by the continued importance of scientific knowledge and critical thinking Florence Nightingale set out that still dictates the practice of nursing in the 21st