Artificial Olfactory Enhancement
The human olfactory system is responsible for perceiving the chemical world around us. By sampling the environment, we can determine the presence of other individuals, possible danger, or distinguish acceptable food. Consisting of our sense of taste and smell, the olfactory system is a highly interrelated coordination of chemical and nerve responses. Yet as we have all experienced, human olfaction has limits. The popular image of a bloodhound leading hunters through the woods is one example of these limits. The scent trail that is all too easily picked up by the hound is completely elusive to his human companions. This is partially due to the dogís possession of nearly twenty times more olfactory neurons than humans. Another example is evident in airports across the country. Long lines of passengers wait in line while a security guard swabs a bag and passes the sample under a mysterious black box. The machine squawks an alarm and the owner of the bag is promptly arrested for concealing explosive material. These are two simple situations in which the human olfactory system is not sufficient to meet our needs. We are dependent upon these machines and animals in order to achieve our goals. They are examples where we have identified a shortcoming of human abilities and have attempted to augment them through the aid of external devices. Nearly every aspect of human ability has seen the same attempt at embellishment. Even those that have lost functioning are able to regain some ability through the aid of external devices. Yet while wheelchairs and hearing aids are effective to an extent, it is doubtless that those individuals would benefit more if they were free from mechanical restraints. To integrate the advancement into the body itself creates an autonomous individual, whether brought back to normal functioning or elevated beyond.
In the case of an individual elevated beyond normal biology, we would have expanded our own potential. An olfaction enhanced security guard could detect explosives or drugs instantaneously, without the cumbersome dependency upon a stationary device. An enhanced doctor could evaluate a patient using the subtle scent cues often present in disease. The potential for olfactory enhancement is clear. This paper will examine the potential for an augmented human olfactory system using electronic devices implanted in the body.
It is evident that the capacity to visually recognize things or objects is far much superior in comparison to the recognition by the use of the sense of touch (Saal, Vijayakumar & Johansson, 2009). Moreover, in comparison the ability of a human being to recognize objects visually is considered to be much accurate as well as faster than the case of tactile recognition. However, in the case of human beings visual recognition requires some brief palpations on an object in order to properly mark the identify of that object (Tonkonogiĭ & Puente, 2009). The sense of touch for any human being or species provides immense data regarding the surrounding world. Tactile recognition or the sense of touch is usually the first to develop and lasts even after the two other cognition senses fade away; visual and auditory recognition (Warren, Santello & Tillery, 2011). Though, Verrillo (1966) suggest this may due to the fact that ones are more aware the loss of visual and auditory senses as they are more salient and the deterioration of tactile senses are less noticeable. The sense of touch is considered to be an informative, active as well as perceptual system in any species. However, it is essential to point that the aspect and practice of tactile recognition plays a frequent role in an individual’s daily life. Therefore, it can be stated that tactile recognition is important and central to a human being as substantial amount of the human activities relate to touch. For instance, in the case of preparing this essay, a sense of touch is present in either the case of typing the keys on a computer or touching the pen when writing on a note pad. The need to identify the objects that one wants to use at a particular time plays a pivotal...
The theme in the book “Of Mice and Men” is “All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them”. Steinbeck shows us this throughout the story of George and Lennie dreaming and how they pursue them. The story shows how some characters have dreams that they look forward to in the long days on the ranch. Dreams have the power to change lives and give hope.
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Also, consideration has to be made as to the return on investment and how you can understand the time and resourcing that goes in to managing social media channels versus the actual incremental revenue that is bring brought to your business as a result (Brookins, n.d.). In summary, social media is constantly changing and therefore, the way we track and analyze this information will continue to evolve. According to Gorman and Ross, the only way to measure the impact of social media is to use goal-driven metrics, which are goals for social media based off of goals for the campaign. For example, a company has a social media platform to promote their products or services. As such, they have identified constant engagement as being an appropriate metric to gauge their efforts effectiveness. Either way as media platforms continue to evolve with new forms of measurement, marketers should focus on using tracking tools to obtain these metrics (Gorman, Ross,
...e to claim that objects that were created by humans, including robots, wire and metal structures and series of computer networks could and do possess qualia. Once people have reached the highest nirvana in the limits of consciousness and can create a consciousness device to measure its depths among classes of humans and non-humans, then functionalism can be shelved and rejected if it is the case that a robot does not contain qualia. Until then, however, functionalism needs to be carefully considered and not disregarded for its merits in the problem of mental states. Though for many, psychofunctionalism may be the more favorable choice because it is easier for people to consider themselves as the most intelligent beings and rulers of the universe rather than every collection of objects that satisfy the functional role to have consciousness on the same level as them.
“Literacy is a bridge from misery to hope. It is a tool for daily life in modern society. It is a bulwark against poverty, and a building block of development, an essential complement to investments in roads, dams, clinics and factories. Literacy is a platform for democratization, and a vehicle for the promotion of cultural and national identity. Especially for girls and women, it is an agent of family health and nutrition. For everyone, everywhere, literacy is, along with education in general, a basic human right.... Literacy is, finally, the road to human progress and the means through which every man,
As previously mentioned, Richard Axel’s work of Scents and Sensibility discovered that there are more than 1,000 olfactory genes with each its own unique encoding olfactory receptor. As odorant molecules are detected, these molecules can go through either two of these passages referenced as the orthonasal olfaction or the retronasal olfaction. Scientists at the Monell Center, the “world’s only independent, non-profit scientific institution,” have connected an increase in diseases and aging can affect the maintenance of a normal sense of smell. According to the collective studies of Andreas Keller, medical expert in smell perception at the Rockefeller University, and Dolores Malaspina, professor of psychiatry at the NYU School of Medicine, uncovered the concern and relevance of making olfactory dysfunctions a concerning issue because it disrupts the quality of life. The detection of a decrease in sense of smell with mothers who suffer from postpartum depression would allow the mothers to detect the depression before it got to the point where treatment is required. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds would benefit from this circumstances because money that would have to be spent on
The use of social media substantially helps gather all types of fans of a brand or company together and allows them to interact and cooperate with one another, create an identity and communicate their interest for this specific brand or set of products. Take for example Kraft Foods campaign for the one hundredth anniversary for Oreo cookies. “Kraft launched the campaign because of its concern that Oreo did not "own top of mind awareness for men and women age 18-24" (Mitchell). What Kraft did was establish the primary target audience, and implemented a strategy to increase the traffic to their Facebook page. “The results of the year-long Oreo campaign were 231 million media impressions and almost a 200% increase on its Facebook page” (Mitchell). With Kraft’s marketing planned accordingly, it created word-of-mouth awareness,...
The main objective of any marketing program is to increase awareness for the company offerings, which eventually drives sales. Social Media Marketing serves this purpose of spreading awareness about the company, brands, product offerings and also its brand personality. It humanizes a brand and helps to build relationship. A consumer or a possible customer can connect to a brand at a personal level, share his thoughts and opinions about the company and give real ...
could be modified or expanded upon given what has been learned about the brain through
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