b. Arsenic is often associated with groundwater pollution in the developing world and hence impacts on health when present in drinking water obtained from wells, Devise an epidemiological study that will evaluate the impacts of arsenic on health from this source.
Water is most essential liquid for sustaining the life on the earth. 97% of the total water is exists in oceans which is not drinkable , barely 3% is fresh water wherein 2.97% is in form of ice caps and glaciers and remaining small portion of 0.3% is available for human use in form of ground and surface water (Miller, 1997). Secure drinking water is a fundamental requirement for good health and it is human’s basic right (Jackson et al., 2001). Regrettably, in emergent countries (i.e. Pakistan) the quality of drinking water is constantly being polluted and unsafe for human use due to high increase in population, development in industries, throwing away of devastate water and chemical effluents into water sources like canals and rivers.
Thus, various Asian cities facing boost in harmful and unwanted material in drinking water because of untreated waste water release into the drinking water resources by the industries (Annachhatre, 2006). In South Asia, Condition is more aggravated, where more than 0.5 million casualties of infants take place per year due to bad sanitation and poor water quality. For example, in some areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal (India), groundwater is polluted with arsenic up to 70 times higher than the normal national drinking water standard of 0.05mg/l (UNEP, 1999).
Water quality is a chief concern for the developing world, and particularly for child endurance and health. Drinking water should be free from harmful micro...
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...osure. On the other hand certain developing countries have retained the older WHO standard, disagreeing that the new threshold is too expensive and difficult to implement.
The visual perception of children is affected by the high arsenic level in drinking water but not the visual motor integration, are confirmed by VMIT (visual-motor integration test) and MVPT (motor free visual perception test) (Siripitayakunkit et al., 2000a). Arsenic is also related with the growth retardation in children. The children height might be affected by the arsenic in drinking water. The children who have high arsenic concentration in their hair had less height than the children with low arsenic (Siripitayakunkit et al., 2000b). Arsenic contaminated drinking water is also responsible for spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and infant mortality (Aschengrau et al., 1989; Rich et al.,2000).
The proposed research will identify gene expression traits of breast cancer cells chronically exposed to arsenic during different periods of exposure. These results will allow us to develop gene profiles and identify arsenic-associated genes. By identifying arsenic-associated genes, we can determine if these genes are involved in molecular functions and biological processes. This study can assist future studies of mammary tumors with elevated arsenic levels and will provide insight into breast cancer progression due to the accumulation of arsenic. Our proposed research will demonstrate the impact of arsenic on the estrogen receptor and on breast cancer carcinogenesis. We hope this study will highlight the importance of studying the effects of prolonged arsenic exposure on breast cancer.
It is imperative that domestic water provided for direct consumption and ingestion through food must be sanitary. Scientific research indicates that as many as 19 million Americans may become ill each year due to parasites, viruses a...
Arsenic is the 20th most common element in the earth’s crust and can be found naturally in our environment. There is around 0.006 to 0.03 ppm or arsenic distributed in seawater, and 20 ppm of arsenic in soil (before pesticides). Every human will ingest about 0.5 to 1 mg of arsenic in a day from food and water, because arsenic is present in higher quantities in se...
Scientists say, that the levels of these are too low to do any damage to our bodies. The Environmental Protection Agency, however, states that arsenic and lead have increased IQ deficit risks and cancer (12 Reasons).... ... middle of paper ... ...
This is because only a small part of the population, particularly in developing countries, have access to water of acceptable quality. It is estimated that in some countries only 20% of the rural population has water of satisfactory quality. Based on these statistics, it is clear the urgent need for awareness about caring for water use. Almost without realizing it, we are seriously jeopardizing this essential resource, not for us but for our children's children and their generations, aware that in other parts o...
Living in a world that is roughly 70% water, and all living creatures found on this planet depend on this resource whether directly or indirectly, making water quality an important topic and vital to sustain our world of cycles. “Determination of status of water quality of a river or any other water sources is highly indeterminate. It is necessary to have a competent model to predict the status of water quality and to advice for type of water treatment for meeting different demands.” (Bai V, 2009) With most of our water on this planet made of salt water and our constant damage towards the remaining water that can be consumed by humans is diminishing with improper distribution on a global scale. If our greed comes before companionship, and our quality of life is more important than pollution, then our future generations to come will be born into a world of chaos, and a scarce of a basic human necessity.
Although the sectors sustain the place economically, it brings with it both air and water pollution. The American Lung Association (ALA) report stated that the city has the most polluted air in the United States. Another indicator of the menace is the amount of fine particle the air. Bakersfield’s has been on a high and World Health Organization (WHO) report shows that it reaches an average of 40.5 micrograms per cubic meter annually (Zanobetti et al. 2009). Pollution is so high in the region that it can even be seen in the air appearing as a fog. An analysis of the water has also indicated that it has an arsenic concentration of 2.28 parts per billion (Welch et al. 2007). Arsenic is a toxic element that is also carcinogenic and can cause other effects such as liver damage, skin problems, and vascular
Clean water is needed for good human and animal health, but as DoSomething.org states, over 1 billion people worldwide don’t have a means of getting clean drinking water, an...
The pollutants involved in poisoning water resources in Bhutan are chemical waste produce from industries like automobile workshop and factories into river contaminating it with those waste and creating river pollution and risking the life aquatic species and also due change is pattern of human consumption producing more solid waste and dumping in There will growth of water born diseases increasing health hazards and degradation of environment and ecosystems. This affects the natural environment system leading to exaction of some species. And the due contamination of water can also lower the production of agriculture products and other economy activities will decrease. If there will more water bodies pollution it also has negative effects on its environment there decline of economy of the country. Since more of the country budget have invest on the health sectors.
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is not economically feasible to extract this waster for use as drinking water. This leaves less than one percent of the world’s fresh water that is available to humans. It includes the water found in lakes, reservoirs, groundwater that is shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. These freshwater sources are the only sources that are frequently replenished by rain and snowfall, and therefore are renewable. At the current rates of consumption, however, this supply of fresh water will not last. Pollution and contamination of freshwater sources exacerbate the problem, further reducing the amount of freshwater available for human consumption. Something must be done if humans want to even survive in the near future: the lack of clean drinking water is already the number one cause of disease in the world today. The first step is worldwide awareness of the water crisis: governments and the citizens they govern worldwide need to know about this problem and be actively involved in solving this problem.
Have you ever had to walk miles away just to get clean drinking water, or don’t even not have access to clean drinking water? People all over the world, even in North America, don’t have access to clean drinking water or have to walk very far just to drink water. The main areas where this problem is prominent is in third world countries, and this is due to the lack of money and sanitation (Millions Lack Safe Water). Due to this lack of sanitation, water borne diseases can grow and infect people who consume it. Clean water is very important for life, and within this paper I will explain why we need it, how it can affect us, and what it will take to obtain clean water.
People from many developing countries are suffering from the scarcity of clean water, while the rest of the country simply take for granted. Habitants of rural poor communities such as Sub-Saharan Africa, are living in a water stressed environment. Residents of these communities have to walk miles at time just to gather water from streams and ponds, even though the water source may contain water-borne disease that can make them very sick. In the rural places that don’t have access to safe clean water, it is very difficult to prevent the spread of viruses. The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance. Of this water approximately 97% is salt water, 2% frozen in glaciers, and only 1% is available for drinking water supply using traditional treatment methods” (Thornton). Therefore, properly treated or disinfected
The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development. 70% of this demand derives from agriculture which shows the influence of water on food supply globally as well not just drinking water (Sawin “Water Scarcity could overwhelm the Next Generation”). But increasing water use is not just a matter of the greater number of people needing it to drink and eat; it also comes from pollution and misuse of water supplies, by either dumping or runoff of bacteria or chemicals into water. This also “causes other pollutions as well such as soil and air pollution, accelerating wetland damage and human caused global warming” (Smith and Thomassey 25). According to UN report, recent estimates suggest that climate change will account for about 20 percent of the increase in global water scarcity in coming decades.
Indira, K., and Romit, S. n.d. Drinking water quality in rural India: Issues and approaches. http://www.waterawards.in/suggested-reading/wateraid-drinking-water-quality.pdf (accessed November 10, 2010).