Arnold Lazarus
Arnold Lazarus was born in 1932. He was born and educated in Johannesburg, South Africa. “Although Dr. Lazarus grew up in South Africa, he strongly identified with the United States.” (Corey, 2001, chap. 10)
When Dr. Lazarus was a young man he viewed racism and discrimination were the views and acts of the ignorant.
Dr. Lazarus received hi master’s degree in experimental psychology, and later received his Ph. D. in clinical psychology. After college Dr. Lazarus went into private practice in Johannesburg. Later he held many teaching positions at several colleges’ and university.
While Dr. Lazarus was still in graduate school he published a paper in the South African Medical Journal that described a new form of psychotherapy in behavior therapy.
“Lazarus was the first psychologist to apply desensitization techniques for treating phobias in group therapy sessions.” (Alic, 2001, pg. 2) By the 1960’s Lazarus had decided that the therapy movement he had initiated utilizing the stimulus-response mechanisms of behaviorist psychology, was too limited for effective psychotherapy.
In 1971 Dr. Lazarus published a book called Behavior Therapy and Beyond, laid the foundations for what is now known as cognitive-behavior therapy.
As time went by Dr. Lazarus examined long-term results of patients who had undergone cognitive-behavior therapy, he found some inadequacies. He found that patients who suffered from anxiety, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive problems, depression, and family problems had a high percentage rate of relapse. After he discovered these problems Dr. Lazarus developed a multimodel therapy. The multimodel therapy involves examining and treating seven different but interrelated modalities. The modalities are behavior, physiology, cognition, interpersonal relationships, imagery, sensation, and affect. The goal of multimodel therapy is to provide a complete assessment of the specified to that individuals needs.
Dr. Lazarus was also interested in showing people how to help themselves. Dr. Lazarus published several self-help books.
Dr. Lazarus also created a list of seventeen question created to help you choose the right therapist for you. In the questions you rate the therapist on a scale from one to four. Dr. Lazarus suggests that you shouldn’t use a therapist if you rate them lower than fifty.
I found that Dr. Lazarus is very interested in providing the best therapy for the client as possible.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy appears to be a new treatment, although its roots can be traced to Albert Ellis’s Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy, published in 1962. Cognitive therapy assumes that thoughts precede actions and false self-beliefs cause negative emotions. It is now known that most depression treatments have cognitive components to them, whether they are recognized or not. In the 1970’s many psychologists began using cognitive components to describe depression. From there, they developed cognitive forms to treat depression with impressive results (Franklin, 2003).
Stern, Richard. "Behavioural-Cognitive Psychotherapy Training for Psychiatrists." Pb.rcpsych.org. The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1993. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
Leahy, R. L. (2003). Cognitive therapy techniques: A practitioner's guide. New York, NY [u.a.: Guilford Press.
Richard Lazarus was a highly educated (PhD), award winning, book writing, Professor of Psychology. He specialized in, “emotion theory and research, health psychology or behavioural medicine, personality and social psychology, research clinical psychology, stress and coping theory” (Lazarus, Richard S., 2002). Several influences from Lazarus span from research, to checklists to projects that all relate to stress. He worked with several others during the research phase of his career. For instance, “…he did research on autonomic discrimination without awareness (which McCleary and he called subception), hunger and perception, projective tests, perceptual defense (with Eriksen), and motivational and cognitive f...
Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut to wealthy merchants. When the family business went down due to his father’s drinking problem, Arnold had to drop out of school at age fourteen. Arnold was sent away to learn to become a shop apprentice. When he was twenty-one, Arnold completed his apprenticeship and went to New Haven, Connecticut to open his own drugstore. He soon sunk into debt and was forced to close his store. Then, he became a sea captain for the next ten years. He bought three ships and launched a trading business, trading horses from Canada for rum and molasses in the West Indies. He was eventually able to reopen his store in New Haven and became a member of the New Haven Masonic Lodge. However, British laws began placing heavy taxes on the colonists in order to pay for the colonial war. As a result, Arnold, like many other merchants, began smuggling goods on his sh...
There may be those individuals who work better under a more structured therapy, such as CBT, and the clear identification of cause and effect from cognition and emotion towards the ensuing behavior. Cognitive therapy model encourages clients to remain in the here and now. The behavioural therapy approach may not benefit those that are not willing to explore their past and likely this model will not be successful under these circumstances. Clear guidelines for therapy are set in CBT, while goals are set for Person-Centered therapy but they are long-term without set goals for the therapeutic
It was developed by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. Dr. Ellis developed RET out of a dislike of the current use of psychoanalysis. He considered psychoanalysis inefficient. Like existential therapy, the idea of CBT goes back to the early Greek Stoic philosophers that considered ourselves as the problem rather than external influences in which we interact (NACBT). Another early proponent of CBT was Alfred Adler who said “I am convinced that a person’s behavior springs from his ideas. In the 1960’s Cognitive Behavior Therapy was developed by Aaron Beck, M.D. initially this treatment was praised for its use to treat
Lewis Latimer was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1848. He was the son of George and Rebecca Latimer, escaped slaves from Virginia. When Lewis Latimer was a boy his father George was arrested and tried as a slave fugitive. The judge ordered his return to Virginia and slavery, but the local community to pay for George Latimer’s freedom raised money. George Latimer later went underground fearing his re-enslavement, a great hardship for Lewis' family.
These types encompass Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Multimodal Therapy. For instance, an individual anguish from a quiet confidence that activates negative thoughts about his or her capacity or display. As a result of these patterns of negative thinking, the person might start averting social issues or passing up opportunities for advancement (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Cognitive behavior therapy frequently adapted for clients who are comfortable with contemplation. For CBT to be efficient, the Client must be eager to evaluate his or her logic and feelings. Such rumination may be difficult, but it is an excellent way to acquire how internal states impact outward behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy is also appropriate for people looking for an interim alternative treatment that does not inevitably contain pharmacological medication. One of the assets of CBT that aid clients was developing coping strategies that may be beneficial both now and in the
Beck, A. (1978). Cognitive therapy of depression (The Guildford Clinical Psychology and psychopathology series). New York, N.Y : Guildford Press.
Westbrook, D., Kennerley, H. and Kirk, J. (2011) An Introduction to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy – Skills and Application, 2nd edition, London: Sage Publications.
...larity. Working with my family, the therapist will need to join with my family and build a therapeutic rapport because I need to know they can trust the therapist.
William Glasser, who “published his first book, Mental Health or Mental Illness?” was the foundation of “Reality Therapy” in 1961.” (Corey, 1977/1991) “Dr. Glasser began his work in an adolescent girl’s juvenile facility.” (Mary Lahey, 2013 PowerPoint Presentation) This was in total opposition to a popular theory of the times by Sigmund Freud.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings and behaviors (NAMI, 2012). It is designed to modify the individual’s normative dysfunctional thoughts. The basic cognitive technique consists of delineating the individual's specific misconceptions, distortions, and maladaptive assumptions, and of testing their validity and reasonableness (Beck, 1970). By exploring thought patterns that lead to maladaptive behaviors and actions and the beliefs that direct these thoughts, people with mental illness can alter their thought process to improve coping. CBT is different from oth...
Latorre, M. (2000). A Holistic View of Psychotherapy: Connecting Mind, Body, and Spirit. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 36:2, 67-68.