Aristotle’s Categories
Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only. On the other hand, things are said to be named 'univocally' which have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common. A man and an ox are both 'animal', and these are univocally so named, inasmuch as not only the name, but also the definition, is the same in both cases: for if a man should state in what sense each is an animal, the statement in the one case would be identical with that in the other. Things are said to be named 'derivatively', which derive their name from some other name, but differ from it in termination. Thus the grammarian derives his name from the word 'grammar', and the courageous man from the word 'courage'. 2 Forms of speech are either simple or composite. Examples of the latter are such expressions as 'the man runs', 'the man wins'; of the former 'man', 'ox', 'runs', 'wins'. Of things themselves some are predicable of a subject, and are never present in a subject. Thus 'man' is predicable of the individual man, and is never present in a subject. By being 'present in a subject' I do not mean present as parts are present in a whole, but being incapable of existence apart from the said subject. Some things, again, are present in a subject, but are never predicable of a subject. For instance, a certain point of grammatical knowledge is present in the mind, but is not predicable of any subject; or again, a certain whiteness may be present in the body (for colour requires a material basis), yet it is never predicable of anything. Other things, again, are both predicable of a subject and present in a subject. Thus while knowledge is present in the human mind, it is predicable of grammar. There is, lastly, a class of things which are neither present in a subject nor predicable of a subject, such as the individual man or the individual horse.
Describe Aristotle's categories of the temperate, the continent, the incontinent, the vicious and the bestial. Compare Aristotle's and Kant's evaluations of these kinds of people. Which of these people are morally better and which worse than the others?
Responsibility and Vice is a topic that Aristotle argues in the Nicomachean Ethics . His argument is based off of the presumption that we are responsible, and open to praise or blame, for having a virtuous or vicious character. His claim for this argument is that we are ultimately in charge of our character, which is decided through our actions. Although Aristotle believes in this, however there are times in life where you are not in complete control of your actions.
Similar to slave girl, the life of frederick douglass, the boy there which is frederick
The Great Depression, one of worst economic marks in american history, took root during 1929 when the economy began to collapse, creating a domino effect throughout the US, and forcing other several factors to contribute to the nation’s horrible downturn. The threat of the future was fragile, looming over the country and leaving it up to President Franklin Roosevelt to change its course. President Roosevelt’s response to the Great Depression known as the New Deal Act, was proven to be very effective in aiding americans during the crisis, initiating the participation of the federal government’s involvement in future economy, and politics.
In “From Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave,” Frederick Douglass reveals his life as a slave in America during the 18th century. Douglass was born into slavery in 1817, but unlike many slaves back then Douglass learned how to read and write. It was not easy for him to learn to read and write since it was illegal to show a black man how to do so during that period. He was introduced to reading and writing by one of his master’s wives, Mrs. Hugh Auld, but shortly that came to end and Douglass had to find another way of learning. Nevertheless, Douglass went on determined to learn and became friends with the poor white kids so they could teach him for an exchange of bread. Douglass eventually went on to become a free man in 1847, and published
Malcom X was trying to do a good deed, but in the wrong way. He fought for equality and was willing to use violence in order to achieve it. Of course, after being treated unfairly for so long, African Americans had a reason for being angry. However, violence should never be an answer to any problem. There are much better, more effective ways to fight for equality without the need to harm anyone. According to Malcolm X, nonviolence means not being able to defend oneself and (Source E). In actuality, the use of violence only heightens tensions and encouraging African Americans (Source
In Douglass’ book, he narrates his earliest accounts of being a slave. At a young age, he acknowledges that it was a masters’ prerequisite to “keep their slaves thus ignorant”, reporting he had no true account of his age, and was groomed to believe, “a want of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood” (25). This mindset was inbreeded in slaves to use ignorance as control and power. As a child, Douglass is separated from his mother. Thus, he comprehends this is implemented in slavery to disengage any mental, physical, and emotional bond within families and to benefit slave owners concern of uprooting slaves for trade. He illustrates the “norm” action and response of a slave to the master. To describe the typical dialogue, he states, “To all these complaints, no matter how unjust, the slave must answer never a word”, and in response “a slave must stand, listen, and tremble” (38). In the course of his narrative, he describes several excruciating acts of abuse on slaves. His first memory of this exploitation, the lashing of his Aunt Hester, he depicts as, “the blood-stained gate, the entrance to the hell of slavery” (29). Also, he gives accounts of owners’ self-deception tactics, injustices, and in effect, shaping characteristics of prejudice, jealousy, and dishonesty of slaves towards slaves. Likewise, connecting to the reader, slave...
Contemplating whether one is born an Aristotelian or a Platonist is no easy task due to the fact that one may seem to relate to both classes to some degree. In order to arrive at a definite assumption of which class I am actually a part of, I pondered the idea of myself in relation to the views of Aristotle and Plato.
Aristotle, whose name means "the best purpose", was an ancient Greek philosopher born in 384 B.C. in Greece, in a town called Stagira. Aristotle’s father was named Nicomachus, he was court physician to the Macedonian king. His mother was named Phaestis, but not much is known about her. Both of Aristotle’s parents passed away when Aristotle was a very young child. After Nicomachus died Airstotle hasd no one and Proxenus, who was married to Aristotle’s older sister, Arimneste, became Aristotle’s guardian until he was a certain age. At the age of seventeen he was sent to Athens, to study. Aristotle enrolled in Plato’s Academy. This was a Greek learning institution. Aristotle held a relationship with the philosopher Plato, who was also a student of Socrates. Airstotle studies at the academy for two decades. Plato, his instructer died in 347 B.C. Aristotle actually did not fall into the position of director at the academy, as most thought he would have because Plato and himself had disagreed on some of the philosophical treatises.
Most women in Mrs Mallard’s situation were expected to be upset at the news of her husbands death, and they would worry more about her heart trouble, since the news could worsen her condition. However, her reaction is very different. At first she gets emotional and cries in front of her sister and her husbands friend, Richard. A little after, Mrs. Mallard finally sees an opportunity of freedom from her husbands death. She is crying in her bedroom, but then she starts to think of the freedom that she now has in her hands. “When she abandoned herse...
Donnellen (1966) criticized the Russell and Strawson’s view. He claimed that there are attributive and referential uses of definite description. The former is about attributively using definite description in an assertion which stating something about “A is B”. The latter is about speaker using the description to let the audience to know what is “A is B” about. Donnellen claimed that Russell focus on former and Strawson focus on latter.
Courageous and admirable with noble qualities defines a heroine. In Aristotle’s Poetics he describes a tragic hero as a character who is larger than life and through fate and a flaw they destroy themselves. Additionally, Aristotle states excessive pride is the hubris of a tragic hero. The hero is very self-involved; they are blind to their surroundings and commit a tragic action. A tragedy describes a story that evokes sadness and awe, something larger than life. Furthermore, a tragedy of a play results in the destruction of a hero, evoking catharsis and feelings of pity and fear among the audience. Aristotle states, "It should, moreover, imitate actions which excite pity and fear, this being the distinctive mark of tragic imitation." (18) For a tragedy to arouse fear, the audience believes similar fate might happen to them and the sight of the suffering of others arouses pity. A tragedy's plot includes peripeteia, anagnorisis, hamartia and catharsis. Using Aristotle’s criteria, both characters in Oedipus The King and The Medea share similar qualities that define a tragic hero such as being of noble birth, having excessive pride, and making poor choices. They both gain recognition through their downfall and the audience feels pity and fear.
In The Metaphysics, Aristotle states, “All men by nature desire to know.” Although, this is a generalization, of this insightful statement about the nature of humans and human understanding this statement truly captures what Aristotle was trying to figure out about humans and their thinking. Everyone has a desire to know or to understand. As rational beings we tend to contemplate very simple ideas to the most complicated, like our existence, or parts of the universe, or the universe as a whole. Aristotle is known as the father of modern day psychology and biology, even though many of his ideas of these two sciences was proven incorrect. The most important concepts of Aristotle’s theory of human understanding are the notion of cause, the infinite, and the soul.
Mallard, a housewife, seeking to obtain a freedom and self-identity that wasn’t offered to women of the nineteenth century. Within a short period she won her freedom and had a blissful outlook on life, until that freedom was snatched from her ultimately leading to her internal suicide. As the reader can infer, Mrs. Mallard 's actions were solely based on her abused rights, so anyone can emphasize and proudly support her. Living in that era was tough for all women due to the lack of women’s rights. Yet, today women have equal rights to men in most of the nation, including companies, politics, corporations, etc. Many Americans have became feminist since the nineteenth century to correct the wrongs of living that Mrs. Mallard had suffered. We have same so far as a nation that even when couples get divorce it leaves the man and wife equal with the possessions and the children. “The Story of an Hour,” is an inspiration story that many modern-day wives and women would find it insightful and maybe even allow them to oppose their husbands when need
Aristotle made contributions to logic, physics, biology, medicine, and agriculture. He redesigned most, if not all, areas of knowledge he studied. Later in life he became the “Father of logic” and was the first to develop a formalized way of reasoning. Aristotle was a greek philosopher who founded formal logic, pioneered zoology, founded his own school, and classified the various branches of philosophy.