Introduction
Aristotle was probably the first and greatest of the scholar and lexicographer, excelled in many fields of science. He left writings on a variety of topics, from the shape of seashells to sterility, thinking about the nature of the soul and meteorological phenomena, poetry, art, interpretation of dreams. He left his mark in all fields of knowledge, which is concerned (except that the rule remained in mathematics and the teaching of Plato Platonism). In addition, Aristotle is considered the founder of logic.
Aristotle first identified in human cognition separate category that was to bring in our understanding of the world. However, in the last century due to the development of knowledge frozen categorical structures have become an obstacle to further its growth.
Such a system of thinking allows knowledge to move forward only on specific, pre-defined routes, many of which lead to impotence. There is need is a different approach. The result was his world of modern science.
The fact that it took us more than twenty centuries, to exhaust the Aristotelian system of thought, is another proof of the depth and scientific consistency. Even sunset Aristotelian system became the impetus for the emergence of some new disturbing thought philosophical issues. What other outside face in the development of human cognition? Where are the limits of our present way of thinking? What can be seen on the other side of these borders?
Life and works of Aristotle
On a promontory overlooking the village with the name of Stagira in northern Greece, worth quite nondescript modern monument Aristotle. Dispassionate view of the philosopher aims to woodlands covered hills, towards the distant blue of the Aegean Sea. The sculpture is made of whi...
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...to collect copies of the constitutions of all the Greek city-states and choose from them the best possible position. If the policy required a new constitution, its citizens are treated exactly in the Lyceum. Nobody tried to create a state (as described by Plato). Unfortunately, one person has shown that a comprehensive political Aristotle too. It was none other than the worst his pupil, Alexander. World order changed forever: the new empire of Alexander put an end to the city-states seem like the modern continental confederation destroy the system of independent nation states. It seems neither Aristotle nor anyone else from the constellation of Athenian intellectuals schools have not noticed this great historical change - the omission is not passed and intellectuals XX century from Marx to Nietzsche, who, in turn, could not see the superiority of the United States.
Rene Descartes, Herman von Helmholtz, and Wilhelm Wundt all played important roles in creating psychology how it is today, by going beyond what the thought processes were at their time and expanding on knowledge. They didn’t look at the world as other’s did, and they didn’t take “no” for an answer. These great thinkers were centuries to decades apart, but their theories combined and collided into the new psychology.
Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world begin? Some accept the demarcations of skin and skull, and say that what is outside the body is outside the mind. Others are impressed by arguments suggesting that the meaning of our words aren’t in our mind, and hold that this externalism about meaning carries over into an externalism about mind. We advocate a very different sort of externalism: an active externalism, based on the active role of the environment in driving cognitive processes.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist. He was able to combine the thoughts of Socrates and Plato to create his own ideas and definition of rhetoric. He wrote influential works such as Rhetoric and Organon, which presented these new ideas and theories on rhetoric. Much of what is Western thought today evolved from Aristotle's theories and experiments on rhetoric.
Aristotle, a student of Plato, is known for his contributions in many fields of philosophy, ethics being one of the most prominent. He produced the first methodical and collected ethical system to be produced by an ancient Greek philosopher, found in his book the Nicomachean Ethics. This, along with the less-read Eudemian Ethics, are his ethical accounts that we have today.
Science has now proven that there are indeed other animals capable of reason, such as apes and dolphins. The extent to which these beings can reason, however, has yet to be seen. In conclusion, it remains that, even after being around for over 2000 years, Aristotle’s philosophy on human nature remains one of the most accurate questions to the eternal question of “what is human nature?” It may not, in the end, prove to be the correct answer to the question, in fact, it may very well be possible that there is no definite answer possible. But until scholars and students in programs such as ours can find a suitable replacement, his analysis will remain superior to all others.
...erefore we must seek to better understand it. It is unfortunate that the ideologies of the men mentioned here have still implemented themselves in our culture. While their premises are valid and vastly important in the history of humankind, one must be careful to discern what is relevant in today's society and what was the experimental leanings and philosophies of the past.
...r. "Ancient Greece." Gardner's art through the ages the western perspective. 13th ed., Backpack ed. Boston, Mass.: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. 101, 123,129. Print.
The. The "Aristotle". Home Page English 112 VCCS Litonline. Web. The Web.
In conclusion one could say we may live in a very different and much more complex global world, but the reality is without the ancient Greeks we wouldn’t have the government structure that we currently enjoy today. The truth and reality is that by the time Aristotle even came into play in history there had already been a large amount of Greek democracies already in existence. The foundations that the Ancient Greeks laid and more importantly the political foundation that the Athenians created had an everlasting imprint on how the democratic structure has taken shape in European countries as well as in the United States.
...ity in Classical Athens. New York, NY: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (USA) in Collaboration with the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, 2008. Print.
Butcher, S.H. The Poetics of Aristotle trans. Pennsylvania State University: The Electronic Classic Series, Copyright 2000-2013. Web. 24 February 2014.
Aristotle and Plato both view the state as a basic necessity for humans; however the purpose of the state varies from Aristotle’s to Plato’s ideologies. Within Aristotle’s ideal state “the true purpose of government is to enable its citizen to live the full and happy life,” (“The Man” 32), the best government for Aristotle is one that allows individualism among its citizens, rather than rule in favor of the majority. In Plato’s view “A just state […] is achieved in a situation in which everyone knows one’s own job, where...
Gardner, H. The Mind's New Science: A History of Cognitive Revolution. New York, Basic Books, 1987.
One of the most remarkable things about human existence is that there is a subject, an “I”, that experiences intellectual cognition of external things and is able to reflect on these experiences as a cognitive act in itself. How do things that exist outside of my mind come to exist inside of my mind so as to enable me to understand them? The goal of any theory of mind should be to answer questions such as this and, in evaluating the Gettier Problem as objectively as possible, we shall attempt to solve it to see whether it can withstand the single most piercing question we can ask of it: is it true that they are inescapable? In this essay I shall examine the paper of Gettier to answer the question of whether or not man can arrive at knowledge and, if so, how? I shall do this by recounting the problems posed by Gettier to the traditional understanding of knowledge as 'justified true belief', and then present critical responses to it to get to the truth of whether Gettier problems are inescapable, most notably by attempting to answer it with the 'Causal Theory', the 'Defeasibility Theory', and finally by considering knowledge as 'true belief with sufficient warrant'.
Aristotle made contributions to logic, physics, biology, medicine, and agriculture. He redesigned most, if not all, areas of knowledge he studied. Later in life he became the “Father of logic” and was the first to develop a formalized way of reasoning. Aristotle was a greek philosopher who founded formal logic, pioneered zoology, founded his own school, and classified the various branches of philosophy.