If the European Union (EU) is considered to be a sui generis organization in the international arena then it is not surprising that it has a sui generis applicant to be part of it. The Turkish case with the EU membership is the only one of its kind in the history of the EU due to the fact that the Turks are the champions of the longest-standing applicant title. Perhaps, this fact alone perhaps does not explain the uniqueness of the Turkey-EU relationship however when one takes a look into the details of this cumbersome love affair more features can be identified. This paper’s sole focus is on the foreign and security policy dimension namely Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The Turkish relationship with the EU’s CFSP created various amounts of debates among the scholars of academic world. Many tried to explain the reasons and motivations on why Turkey should participate? (Blockmans 2010, Doğan 2002, Ruacan 2007) or why it is beneficial for the EU and also for Turkey? (Demiralp, Baç 2008) These debates are very influential and helpful to make sense of the problematic Turkish case however they do not necessarily help us understand the actual question of why Turkey participates or choose to participate in the EU’s CFSP?
The paper will continue with brief theoretical discussion on the rationalist and constructivist accounts on explaining state socialization where the possibility of the two logics meet and then continue with the argument how “superficial norm-“following” does not necessarily have to come from the state ambition to reduce the costs of socialization as discussed by Diez and Schimmelfenning. The Turkish example will be shown as an antagonist due to possible observations in the changes of the Turkish involvement...
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The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the reunification of Europe since the Cold War in a world of increasing globalization (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). For that, overall, this enlargement is considered by many to have been a great success for the EU and its citizens but it is not without its problems and challenges (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). This essay will thus examine the impact of the 2004/2007 enlargements from two perspectives: firstly, the impact of the enlargements on the EU as a whole, and thereafter, how the enlargements have affected the new member states that were acceded during the 2004/2007 periods. Included in the essay will be the extent of their integration into the EU and how being a part of the Commission has contributed to their development as nation states. Following that, this essay will then evaluate the overall success of the enlargement process and whether the EU or the new member states have both benefited from the accessions or whether the enlargement has only proven advantageous to one th...
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Globalization has effect the role of the state immensely; as the process of present’s challenges to state sovereignty and autonomy. In spite of borders becoming more ill-defined and fluid in as a result of the process of globalization (Weiss 2000, 2-3). The state will remain relevant and necessary because citizens need a place to cast their votes, taxes have to be paid to particular authorities, which can be held accountable for pub...
In order to answer the question concerning the formation of states, it is necessary to clarify what constitutes a state; the Oxford English Dictionary defines a state as ‘a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government’. There are a number of ways and processes in which to analyse what state formation is, why they have formed and the way in which this has occurred. State emergence can be traced back to the creation of territorial boundaries in medieval Europe, such as the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, and its transition to a modern state can be attributed to the introduction of gunpowder in war (Hague & Harrop, 2010: 64). The formations of states have also been influenced by the growth of bureaucracy, administration and organisations. There are different theories as to the reason why states form, a certain few of which can be divided into the categories of rationalist, culturalist and structuralist perspectives. In this essay, these perspectives shall enter the debate in trying to justify the reason for state formation and the way in which it occurs. The most prominent feature in the formation of states appears to be the prevention and engagement of a state in war and its following consequences.