Are There Pieces To Pick Up After Two Worlds Collide?
The glaciers receded and melted to fill the Gulf of Maine, sea creatures multiplied and diversified. The land dried, produced vegetation, and proved itself susceptible to cultivation. Native Americans migrated to the area and created highly structured successful methods of surviving and thriving. At the same time, Europeans looked across the waters for lands to meld into their current holdings. A strong desire to increase holdings, power, and finances were the driving forces behind European exploration expeditions. With this stage set, imagine being an unvested third party observing the impending collision between the two worlds.
At the opening of the seventeenth century, Native Americans were firmly established around the Gulf of Maine. At least nine different tribes, from the Narragansetts in current day Massachusetts to the Passamaquoddies in Downeast Maine, and the Micmacs in Nova Scotia surrounded the Gulf. For the most part all tribes, and clans within each, lived in harmony with one another.
The native tribes were comprised of different families or clans, each working as an independent, but then again somewhat dependent unit. Annual gatherings and meetings took place, most usually in the spring months. These gatherings were venues for exchange of information, opportunities to settle disputes, as well as chances to meet future mates or spouses. The remainder of the year was spent either on the coast fishing and gathering shellfish or inland tending crops and gathering wood for cooking and winter warmth.
The Gulf provided seafood in the form of haddock, cod, lobsters, whales, clams, and herring. Inland food sources included deer, moose, caribou...
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...uropeans more than two-to-one. But with the loss of sustainable independent living, they had no choice but to become ‘colonized’. A very sad end to a long and distinguished lineage.
Works Cited
1. Prins, Harald E.L. and McBride, Bunny. “Asticou’s Island Domain: Wabanaki Peoples at Mount Desert Island 1500-2000”. Acadia National Park Ethnographic Overview and Assessment Volume 1. 2nd printing 2007. Boston: Northeast Region Ethnography Program National Park Service.
2. Russell, Howard S. Indian New England Before the Mayflower. 1980. Hanover, NH: University Press New England.
3. Wiseman, Frederick Matthew. The Voice of the Dawn; AnAutohistory of the Abenaki Nation. 2001. Hanover, NH: University Press New England.
4. Woodard, Colin. The Lobster Coast Rebels, Rusticators, and the Struggle for A Forgotten Frontier. 2004. New York: Penguin Books.
Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang, 1983. Print.
The Mayflower is the story about 102 religious rebels who travel across the Atlantic ocean on a voyage that would change the course of history as we know it. This book is named after the ship that brought these settlers to America. This review attempts to answer the following questions: Is the author objective or biased about the evidence presented? Does the author contribute anything new about the life of the pilgrims? What are some of the limitations of the Author. This review is necessary to be able to understand what the Author is trying to communicate how this story impacts the creation of what would become the United States of America.
The French saw the Natives as uncivilized and felt it was their duty to improve the land in order to get the most out of it. Though Witgen does not note it as such, in An Infinity of Nations, this is our first experience of a gender roles between the two sides. Witgen often refers to the French as “the Father” and to the Indigenous tribes as “the children”. In efforts to create their empire, Witgen argues that the French felt as though they were the “Father giving birth to Native children, literally creating and suckling Indian nations into existance.” (WITGEN 230) While having this feeling of fatherhood, Witgen touches on the motherly traits of the French as well. “Native peoples need not disappear; they might be reborn as the children of the empire. Their French father would not only give them a new life, he would also nourish them as only a mother could,” Witgen notes. (WITGEN 112) With the sense of fatherhood and motherhood, the French felt as though they were responsible to impose their power on what should be the Native New
When the Europeans first migrated to America, they didn’t know much about the ancestral background of the different types of the Indian tribes that were settled in Virginia and along the East Coast. Many of the Indian tribes became hostile towards the colonist because the colonists were interfering with their way of life. This lead the natives to attempt to destroy the frontier settlements. Many forts in this area were erected to protect the settlers and their families. One the historical land...
...h and the French and Indians, but shows some of the ironic nature of this conflict: that due to kidnapping and tribal adoption, some Abenaki Indians were likely to have almost as many English ancestors as the frontiersmen they opposed. The English frontiersmen could be as "savage" as the Indians. Brumwell does very well dispelling the clichés and stereotypes that many have become accustomed to. He uses records of the Abenaki Indian oral tradition to give a voice to both sides. It is a great book from start to finish. This is a true history buffs companion and a great addition to any library. The book is as complex in its knowledge as it is simplistic and detailed in its imagery. As a result, this book can be read by both specialists and general readers alike and can be pared with almost any text giving light to the French and Indian War or the aftermath thereof.
Axtell, James. “Native Reactions to the Invasion of North America.” Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. 97-121. Print.
There was no definite property line in the early New England colony, causing animals roaming freely to become an issue between the two societies. The Indians were ultimately unprepared for the European’s livestock to wonder into their property without any boundaries. The animals would not only walk into their land but eat their resources and grass along the way. Destruction that the livestock caused to the Native American’s land led to a distinct boundary line between them and the Europeans, creating further tension rather than assimilation. Cattle were trapped into Indian hunting traps, causing both a problem to the Indians hunting rituals as well as the Europeans livestock supply. These issues among land division ultimately led to the acceleration of land expansion by the colonists during the 1660’s and early 1670’s. Before King Phillip’s War, Plymouth officials approached the Indians at least twenty-three times to purchase land. The author argues that previous mutual consideration for both the society’s needs was diminished at this point and the selling of the land would eliminate the Indian’s independence. Whenever livestock was involved, the colonists ignored Indian’s property rights
Robbins Burling, David F. Armstrong, Ben G. Blount, Catherine A. Callaghan, Mary Lecron Foster, Barbara J. King, Sue Taylor Parker, Osamu Sakura, William C. Stokoe, Ron Wallace, Joel Wallman, A. Whiten, Sherman Wilcox and Thomas Wynn. Current Anthropology, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Feb., 1993), pp. 25-53
LaDuke, Winona. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1999. Print.
Bibliography: Bibliography 1. John Majewski, History of the American Peoples: 1840-1920 (Dubuque: Kent/Hunt Publishing, 2001). 2.
Often when looking at American history, people tend to lump all the characters and actors involved as similar. This is especially the case in regards to Early American Colonial history. Because the Puritan communities that grew rapidly after John Winthrop’s arrival in 1630 often overshadow the earlier colony at Plymouth, many are lead to assume that all settlers acted in similar ways with regard to land use, religion, and law. By analyzing the writings of William Bradford and John Winthrop, one begins to see differing pictures of colonization in New England.
Before European contact with Turtle Island, the Native Peoples fully occupied the lands, maintaining extensive trade networks, roads that tied different nations together and successfully adapted to the particular natural environments across the continent.15 In her book, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States, Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz writes of the Natives also adapting the environment to their
Bastien, B. (2011). Blackfoot ways of knowing: The worldview of the siksikaitsitapi. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary Press.
...s. These lands were “usually in less desirable locations and discouraged any successful transition to agriculture”.24
The books author, James (Sákéj) Youngblood Henderson came to write this book as a result of living with his wife, Marie Battiste (a celebrated Mi’kmaw scholar and educator) in her Mi’kmaq community of Eskasoni (10). It was the community of Eskasoni that compelled Henderson to compile their histories in a form that would not disrupt the Mi’kmaq worldviews, culture and spirituality they represent but as well easily conveyable to non-Aboriginal peoples.