Arctic and Alpine Soils
Proposal
(Ant)arctic (high-latitude) and alpine (mountain) areas are affected by relatively similar climates, as latitude and altitude produce similar meteorologic effects. In these geographic regions where temperature is at such a pronounced extreme, climate would seem to be the leading factor of soil development. It is my goal in this research paper to answer the following question: How do the soils of arctic and alpine areas differ? This idea, taken largely from an abstract by Birkeland (1975), will be explored through the comparison of the soils of these two geographic regions, and an analysis of the soil development factors in those environments.
Introduction
Both high-latitude and high-altitude regions are subject to climates that are dominated by extreme cold for at least part of the year. This extreme characteristic creates within these regions a stark environmental contrast to most other geographic regions of Earth, pairing with climate a different and uncommon set of geomorphologic features on the thin surficial layer of the planet. Dokuchaev (1886 & ca. 1900; and 1899, as quoted by Afanasiev (1927); and Gerasimov (1956), respectively) made progressive early studies in soil science in the Caucausus Mountains and in Arctic Russia and applied a theory that drew an analog between vertical and horizontal zonality. He observed that biota and temperature changed drastically at increasing elevations in much the way that the same characteristics vary with increasing latitude. Dokuchaev then extrapolated that the variation in biota and temperature would also indicate similar changes in soil types, but did so without sufficient observed support. While this hypothesis was a brilliant step in ea...
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This is a report based on three days of observations and testing in the region known as the Peterborough drumlin field. It will address a variety of regional elements, such as climate, soil, vegetation, hydrology, geomorphology, and geology. A variety of sites located on the Canadian Shield, the zone of thick glacial deposits to the south, and the transition between them will be the focus of the report. It is supplemented with previous research on the region. September 8, 1999, day one of the field study involved an area of largely granite bedrock that is part of the Canadian Shield and is the most northern point of study (see Map 2). September 9, 1999, day two, involved three main areas of study: the Bridgenorth esker (Map 3), Mark S. Burnham Park (Map 4), and the Rice Lake drumlin (Map 6). These sites are in areas of thick glacial deposits. September 10, 1999, day three, involved studying the Warsaw Caves (see Map 5) as a transition zone between Precambrian Shield rock to the north and Paleozoic rock to the south. A general map of the entire study region is provided by Map 1.
Hess, D., McKnight, T. L., & Tasa, D. (2011). McKnight's physical geography (Custom ed. for California State University, Northridge ; 2nd Calif. ed.). New York: Learning Solutions.
University of Colorado, Boulder, August 11, 2003, NASA funds Colorado University at Boulder study of changes in Earth’s glacier systems in Ascribe Science News Service: pNa, p 1.
At the end of the last ice age windblown silt covered the lava and basalt deposits. This silt would go on to create the fertile rolling hills of the Palouse. This soil is more than a hundred feet deep in places. Soon, enough time passed for vegetation to take place and more soil started to form.1 The lava flows would end up damming streams flowing from the mountains; in turn forming the current lakes of the region. Layered between the flows of basalt are sand and gravel deposits that washed down from mountains.1
Lactase is an enzyme found in the digestive system. It is essential to the complete digestion of sugar in whole milk and milk products. Lactase specifically breaks down lactose, a complex sugar. Lactase cannot be absorbed by the body unless it is broken down by lactase into glucose and galactose. According to webMD, “Lacking lactase in their intestines, a person consuming dairy products may experience the symptoms of lactose intolerance…Abdominal cramping, flatulence (gas) and diarrhea can occur when a lactose intolerant person consumes milk products.” ("Lactase Enzyme oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD", n.d.) Lactase is not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 4 years of age. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed. (Kluwer, 2014)
Fitzgerald begins his comparison of new and old wealth by introducing us to the idea of chauffeurs in the beginning of the novel, when Gatsby and Nick are driving over Queensboro Bridge and pass a limousine driven by a white chauffeur and throughout the novel when people attend Gatsby’s parties. We never hear of Gatsby using his chauffeur; he walks over to Nick’s house to deliver an invitation to his party and he seeks out Jordan himself at the party. Whenever he rides in his car, he is always in the driver’s seat and his lack of chauffeur usage is shown at the end of the novel, when “the chauffeur asked him if he needed help, but he [Gatsby] shook his head and in a moment disappeared among the yellowing trees” (161). Gatsby’s lack of help from the chauffeur illustrates the control that he has over his life. He never even has the oppor...
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...ultures. Mostly all other ethnicities had a lactose intolerance or had a family member with lactose intolerance. It would be interesting to see a global survey and compare the results.
[1] “Mixedwood Plains.” Canadian Ecozones. Toronto: n.p., n.d. N. pag. TDSB Online Library School Sites. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. .
...ed and other substances commonly used by teenagers. Therefore, schools need to promote positive social skills to teach children and teenagers how to say no regardless of the situation. These programs need to take into perspective social and economic factors present in a young person’s life in order to incorporate positive and protective factors to prevent drug use.
Breastfeeding is a highly debated topic amongst mothers across the world. Every mother has the choice to breastfeed or bottle fed their infant. Although everyone is entitled to their own opinion and choice, it is scientifically proven that breast milk is more beneficial for the infant’s health and development and the mother. Breast milk contains extremely beneficial vitamins and nutrients and also has the ability to change according to the infant’s growth and development. Formula companies try to mock breast milk to the best they can, although it cannot be completely composed the same. “Breastfeeding offers immunological and allergy protection to the infant, is economical and convenient as it is always fresh and the right temperature, and provides a great opportunity for the mother and infant to bond” (p. 1052, Potter & Perry, 2011). Research has proven that breast milk is the most
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Within the text The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald analyzes the importance of wealth within the early twentieth century in America, which allows the reader to understand the perspectives of different social status. Moreover, he proves the importance of wealth through presenting characters that are influenced by social status. Concurrently, Fitzgerald identifies how a person’s social status shapes one’s personality and motives.
What Makes Human Milk Special? (Mar-Apr 2006). New Beginnings Vol. 23 No.2 , pp 82-3.
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