Archery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archery) Archery is a sport that dates back to the StoneAge and revolutionized hunting and was used in combat, a tool of ancient war. Onewho participates in archery may be known as a bowman, while one who is an expert atarchery can be referred to as a toxophilite.Archery is one of the oldest sports that is still around today. The bow seems tobe invented in Germany in the later Paleolithic or early Mesolithic periods about 10,000–9000 BCE. While archery is probably as old as 20,000 B.C. the oldest civilization to doarchery that we have definitive proof of is ancient Egypt for the purposes of hunting andwarfare.(http://olympics.about.com/lw/Sports-Recreation/Amateur-sports/Archery-An-Illustrated-History.htm) In Ancient China chariots were comprised of three man teams; adriver, a lancer, and an archer. Chinese nobles also attended archery tournaments.When China introduced archery to Japan it had a huge influence on martial arts there atthe time. The Parthians invented the technique of swiveling around the saddle andshooting backwards at a full gallop. Rome also owes much of their military power totheir archers.(http://www.topendsports.com/sport/archery/history.htm)Archery’s first Olympic appearance was in 1900 and live pigeons were used astargets.(http://archeryna.weebly.com/interesting-facts.html)It was later kicked out ofthe Olympics due to different countries’ take on the rules and then reinstated into theOlympics in 1972. In 1988, team archery was added as an Olympic event, which wasgreat for the South Korean women and not so great for all other countries, as theKorean women have won 14 out of 15 gold medals. The Korean...
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Zen in the Art of Archery, by Eugen Herrigel describes the ritualistic arts of discipline and focus that the Zen religion focuses around. In this book, Herrigel describes many aspects of how archery is, in fact, not a sport, but an art form, and is very spiritual to those in the east. The process he describes shows how he overcame his initial inhibitions and began to look toward new ways of seeing and understanding. In the beginning of the book Herrigel tells us that he is writing about a ritual and religious practice, “whose aim consists in hitting a spiritual goal, so that fundamentally the marksman aims at himself and may even succeed in hitting himself.” (Herrigel p. 4) Through his studies, the author discovers that within the Zen ritual actions, archery in this case, there lies a deeper meaning. Herrigel explains throughout this book that it is not through the actual physical aspect of shooting arrows at targets that archery is Zen, but through the art and spirituality through which it is performed. It is not merely shooting an arrow to hit a target, but becoming the target yourself and then, in turn, hitting yourself spiritually. By meeting this spiritual goal, you will then meet the physical goal. The struggle then is, therefore not with the arrow or the target but within oneself.
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Long distance weapons were essential to European combat. The main long distance weapons used by Europeans during that time were the longbow and the crossbow. Each form of weaponry had its unique advantages and their pejorative. The long bow (shown in figure 1) was the original form of distance weapons. The term ‘bow’ means to be made from wood, iron or steel. The Welsh, who inhabited England, were the first people to use longbows. Longbows were 6-7 feet long and had a range of 250 yards, and still had the ability to pierce a knight’s armor (Byam 12). A well trained archer could shot 10- 12 arrows in a single minute. Despite these pro’s the longbow had a lot of disadvantages as well. One draw back was only skilled archers, who were costly to train, could use a longbow. Another disadvantage was it didn’t have a ready loaded arrow (Edge 34). The crossbow (shown in figure 2) on the other had been emphatically different. The crossbow had a span of 2-3 feet and could kill a knight on horseback with one shot, because of good aim (Byam 30). Crossbows had ready loaded projectiles, while the longbow didn’t and the crossbow could be used by anyone since it didn’t require any skill. The crossbow did have a down side though, it had slow reloaded because of a crank and it was expensive. Crossbows were also used for other thi...
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