The authoritarian regimes of the Middles cycled through a pattern of anti-western policy until the globalization effects of economics and information demanded reform. As conservative Arab states try to maintain the autocracy they relied on after gaining independence, their citizens, affected by information and education expansion, challenge their resistant governments as typified by Syria’s unwillingness to capitulate. The proliferation of information and education underscored the protest movements of the Arab Spring because citizens’ contempt for their obstinate governments grew to large under economic pressures, as the current situation in Syria demonstrates.
Globalization, a fundamentally constructive revolution, is the catalyst driving the current situation. On the international level, globalization creates jobs, promotes trade, and encourages cooperation between countries. The interconnected nature of national economies creates a net that not only helps sustain troubled economies, but actually discourages international hostilities by introducing an additional layer of reciprocity. Through globalizat...
Globalization is a trend that continues to advance and create a smaller world. This interaction and integration of global communities and economies has opened up new possibilities and has created many opportunities that once were not possible. Many of these possibilities have been positive, like free trade, global economic growth, an influx of integrated information, cultural intermingling, etc. Proponents of the globalization movement argue that it has the potential to make the world a better place to live and solve many deep-seated problems (Collins, 2015). However, globalization in and of itself has created problems or assisted in the advancement of problems that once were local to being a global problem. One of these consequences is human
Early 2011 uprisings swept across the Middle East and North Africa, and many rebellions are still going on today. The Arab region has seen revolts and conflict since the 1800‘s, but only recently have these revolts been redirected to the problems of Arab society (Ghannam, J. 2011 pg 4-5)The Arab Spring Uprising was first sparked in Tunisia and eventually struck Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and then spread to other countries. Citizens throughout these countries were dissatisfied with the rule of their local governments. Issues like human rights violations, political corruption, economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, dictators...
“A World on the Edge” by Amy Chua discusses in depth the link between globalization and ethnic violence in several countries. Chua, a Yale Law professor, published her article in 2002 to the Wilson Quarterly and updated it in 2014. She has many crucial points throughout her article, but her core argument would be the effects that market-dominant minorities have on developing countries. Market-dominant minorities would be considered any ethnic group that is not the majority, but are the leading source of revenue and the wealthiest group in that specific country. Chua follows up this argument by stating that globalization is powered by markets and democracy. She also states that capitalism is the best economic system devised because it is a major
The concept of globalization has opened up nations to new waves of political challenges and more needy responses from global stakeholders and individual governments
Advances in technology and the expansion of trade have, without a doubt, improved the standard of living dramatically for peoples around the world. Globalization brings respect for law and human rights and the democratization of politics, education, and finance to developing societies, but is usually slow in doing so. It is no easy transition or permanent solution to conflict, as some overly zealous proponents would argue. In The Great Illusion, Norman Angell sees globalization as a force which results from and feeds back into the progressive change of human behavior from using physical force toward using rational, peaceful methods in order to achieve economic security and prosperity. He believes that nations will no longer wage war against one another because trade, not force, yields profit in the new global economy, and he argues that “military power is socially and economically futile” because “political and military power can in reality do nothing for trade.” While the economic interdependence of nations should prove to be a deterrent from warfare, globalization is not now, and was not a century ago, a prescription for world peace. At the turn of the twentieth century, formal colonialism was still profitable in some regions, universal free trade was not a reality, nationalism was not completely defunct, military force was necessary to protect economic investments in developing locations, and the arms race of the previous century had created the potential for an explosive war if any small spark should set the major powers off against one another. The major flaw in Angell’s argument is his refusal to acknowledge the economic advantages that colonizing powers, even after globalization has started to take shape, can actuall...
1848 marks the year that Europeans across the continent revolted against their autocratic rulers in favor of democracy and its advantages. Sometimes called the “Springtime of the Peoples”, this rebellion started in February in Paris, France against the monarchy of King Louis-Philippe, and soon the famous phrase by Metternich “when France sneezes, all of Europe catches a cold” (“Europe In Retrospect” 1) rang true as the revolutionary spirit swept across Europe. Liberal revolutionaries marched united in the streets with a list of demands for their leaders. Not much had changed before rulers crushed these revolutionaries without difficulty, and conservatives assumed authority again in Europe, making 1848 the “turning point in modern history that modern history failed to turn." (“Revs. of 1848” 7) Though, 1848 was for the most part a failure, it would not be the last time Europe had seen a mass change under an autocracy. Over 150 years later, the same revolutionary spirit that swept across Europe rose again in 2010 throughout the Middle East. Beginning this time in Tunisia with the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in December 2010 in protest of police corruption and ill-treatment (Fahim 1), it was the event that triggered major upheavals in the North African and South West Asia region. The protests “united discontented citizens from across political, economic, social and religious divides in opposition to their autocratic governments” (“Arab Spring Uprisings” 1), and actually drove some leaders from their aging dictatorships or promised reforms. The principles of the European revolts were the same as those in the modern-day Arab World. Although arising in different time periods and resulting in completely different outcomes, econ...
For hundreds of years before European intervention, the Ottoman Empire had controlled or annexed most of the Arabic people. However; few states did exist, mostly on the Saudi Arabian peninsula, they possessed minimal forms of government and rule, existing in small tribal states. Despite the immense territorial possessions of the Ottoman Empire, it began to decline with a series of military defeats beginning in the 16th century. Most of their fleet was wiped with a loss of 210 ships and 30,000 men killed1, and the event is often cited by Historians as the ‘end of Turkish supremacy in the Mediterranean’2, and the turning point of Ottoman conquest and rule. It wasn’t until the end of the 19th century that the Ottoman Empire became the ‘sick man’ of Europe. The dynasty had long suffered from corruption, inflation, and its territorial possessions began to reject Ottoman rule. One area where this is most relevant is in the Arabic peninsula. Following nationalist trends in Europe, and especially the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalism grew in the beginning of the 20th century. The ideology believed ‘that nations from Morocco to the Arabian Peninsula are united by their common linguistic, cultural and historical heritage.’3 The growing anti-Ottoman rule sentiment grew,
This has caused an absence of a core state for the Islamic world. There have been individual revolutions in several countries such as Omar Al Mukhtar in Libya, the Million Martyrs Revolution in Algeria…against Western colonization but the strategic centre of gravity had already shifted.