Spinosad insecticide is an organic compound, produced by some bacteria microbes present in the soil that were first discovered surviving in rotting sugarcane rums (Thomas, 2001). It is made of two complex compounds spinosyn A and D. The compounds are very toxic to a variety of insects and less toxic to humans and some important insects beneficial in the farm such as bees. This insecticide was first discovered by Lacey and Goodfellow, in 1975.
Spinosad insecticide has been produced in the laboratories after many experiments to determine the effectiveness of the insecticide. It was finally accepted for use in the U.S in 1997. The main trade names and brands in the market containing spinosad insecticide include; Comfortis that kill adult fleas and controls heartworm disease, Natroba that controls human head lice and Monterey Garden Insect Spray that kills flowering crop pests (Gary, 2011).
The spinosad insecticide is very active and effective in controlling insects and pests. It acts on both contact and ingestion by an insect. The insecticide is subjective to the stages of life of an insect such as larvae or adult stages and the insect species. The insecticide mode of action is through the neural mechanism. It affects the neural transmissions and processes of an insect. Spinosad is applied to field crops during the entire growth process as specified. It is applied to crops such as flowers, vegetables, fruit trees and also cereals. Some flower farmers spray their crops before harvest to rid them off harmful insects (Kole, 1995). Farmers use spinosad insecticide to kill harmful insects that destroy their crops and spread diseases lowering the yield. It is also used to control storage pests that destroy cereals stored in bins. Quality food produce is another reason for the applying the insecticide.
The insecticide has high ability to produce the desired results. It has a broad spectrum of insect and pest control for farm crops and cereal storage. The insecticide is less toxic to mammalian organisms. The toxic levels of the insecticide to human is very low but is designed in a way that it can control some pests such as rats, California quail bird and Rainbow Trout. It is toxic to bees if it is directly sprayed on them but its dried residue is nontoxic to bees (Thompsom, 2011). This insecticide has minimal environmental hazards as compared to other insecticides. Spinosad has a long residual effect that keeps cereals well protected to a period of 2 years.
Using the techniques from the test market estimates of market share and projected sales for the 19 city (80% of trial insecticide volume) are made for the introduction of Strike Roach Ender into the household market. I also chose to increase the advertising budget by 20% which increased costs to upwards of $12 million. This further drove the net loss to a final projection of $6,844,476 as seen in Table D.
There are many issues regarding the raising and producing of various livestock animals, and the use of pesticides on various types of crops. The movie Food.Inc does a good job explaining these issues, but in a very biased way. It makes agriculturists look like terrible people, when this is not the case.
The first chemical control agent is Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.); a bacteria isolated from diseased silk worms and flour moths. The potency of B.t.k. varies among insects and readily destroys lepidopteran larvae within approximately one hour of ingestion. More than 1 million pounds of B.t.k. is applied annually in the U.S., primarily via aerial spraying, but also by ground spraying. It does not persist long in the environment (losing its activity by 50% within 1-3 days), has not been seen to replicate in gypsy moth predators, and does not accumulate in the soil.
What is a pesticide?A pesticide is a chemical substance used to kill pests, especially insects. A pesticide is also refered to as a biocide. Most pesticides are applied in spray form but occasionaly you will see pesticides that are in powder or pellet form. Pesticides are used on a variety of things, anything from crops like corn, barley, and wheat, to plants like petunias, marigolds, and rhodadendrons, which are usually found in small gardens greenhouses, and even in your backyard.
Creepy crawly repellents are considered pesticides so they must meet strict wellbeing measures. In 2004, Health Canada
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenicide Act that had been a burden to both growers and
A question commonly associated with the word insecticides is, what are they? Well I have the answer, insecticides are chemicals that are used to eliminate insects. In the agricultural industry, insecticides are classified into different categories,and the most used is carcinogenic. A carcinogenic insecticide is a substance or agent producing or causing cancer. This is just one of the reason that I believe there are more cons then pros when dealing with a insecticide.. When I was a kid , I can remember my parents taking me and my brother an apple orchard and picking apples. I couldn't wait to eat them until I got home, but we couldn't eat an apple because of what insecticides could be on the apple
LaJeunesse, S.. Common crop pesticides kill honeybee larvae in the hive. Penn State | News. 27 January 2014.
"Pesticides." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 18 July 2005. Web. 20 May 2011. .
What is the one thing that you think sets you apart from other candidates applying to the University of California? I stand out from the rest for one core feature of my personality. That feature is my persistent desire to further improve and educate myself. While everyone applying to a university wishes to better themselves by pursuing a higher education I mean the statement in a different sense. I remember that before I even started kindergarten I have been drawn to bizarre and unique activities and hobbies so I had to educate myself on the subjects.
As time has progressed, there has always been an overarching need for high amounts of crop production throughout the world. With the rapid rate of population growth, the need for crops and other sources of nutrients is only increasing. In order to meet these high demands and increase yields, farmers and other agriculturalists have started implementing the use of pesticides. These chemical mixtures are being used in order to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pests from destroying growing crops. However, using pesticides on crops can create massive amounts of pollution, negatively affect an individual’s health, and can spark biodiversity loss within an ecosystem. According to Michael C.R. Alavanja, “Over 1 billion pounds of pesticides are used within the United States (US) each year and approximately 5.6 billion pounds are used worldwide”. With all this in mind, it is clear that pesticides should not be made available to farmers and agriculturalists, and should
Instead of using pesticides in farming a better alternative would be biological control. This is when a natural predator is released into the crop growing area as a result the number of pests can be reduced.
... a “natural pesticide” against, in this situation wheat, the crop-killing bug. This is the advantage that family farms have.
What is resistance? Resistance is the ability of a significant portion of a pest population to survive a pesticide at rates that once killed most individuals of that population. In other word, it is defined as `a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population to a pesticide that is resulting in the failure of a product or correct application of pesticide to achieve the expected level of control of insect.
The new chemicals which are produced to kill these strong pests and weeds may be more harmful to other plants and remove nutrients within the soil, in turn reducing the yield of agricultural crops. The benefits of these characteristics are seen in Argentina according to Pelletier (2010) as they use glyphosphate resistant soybean which allowed the comeback of this crop, as the soil was severely damaged from monoculture (The cultivation of a single crop in a defined area).... ... middle of paper ... ...