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Newton's contribution to the emergence of Modern Science
Newton's contribution to the emergence of Modern Science
Newton's contribution to the emergence of Modern Science
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Appleby Book Review
Telling The Truth About History
I am writing a book review of Telling The Truth About History by Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt and Margaret Jacob. In this book, the authors’ talk about the increased skepticism and the position that relativism has lessen our ability to actually know and to write about the past. The book discusses the writing of history, and how people are struggling with the issues of what is “truth.” It also discusses the postmodernist movement and how future historians can avoid the mistakes by historians from the past. Telling The Truth About History gives great insight and knowledge to those who are non-historians because it looks at the dispute and inadequacy of past historical approaches to the study of history and that science is dead. I hold that history was not written in Labs and therefore cannot be compared to science. In my review I will critique the three-absolutist ideas made by Newton and Darwin.
First, Appleby, Lynn, and Jacob discussed the ideas concerning history. The first idea described how Newton and Darwin became chief examples of the Heroic model of science. Then, in a later chapter, the authors’ show how Newton and Darwin fell from grace and the effect this had on history as a discipline. Nevertheless, early historians felt that the way to find the truth was though science. Early historians felt that through science they could become neutral and reconstruct the past exactly as it happened (241). I analyze tha...
In a comprehensive summary and analyzation of the history of mankind’s record of affairs, Mark T. Gilderhus tackles the many aspects of the overall biography of human existence. Through scrutiny of the goals of past and present historians, a brief explanation of the origins of historiography, a thorough exploration of the philosophies behind history, and a review of the modern approach to past events, Gilderhus sums up the entirety of historical thought in one hundred and twenty-five pages. His superior knowledge is exemplified through his work which effectively conveys the full extent of historiography.
The essay starts off by stating, “One could say that the dominant scientific world-view going into the 16th century was not all that “scientific” in the modern sense of the
“Why Western History Matters” is an essay adapted from a speech Donald Kagan delivered to the National Association of Scholars, and was reprinted in the December 28, 1994, issue of the Wall Street Journal. Throughout Kagan’s essay, he describes the essential need for the college course, Western History. He does so by examining older cultures and explaining why they were quintessential to the past and to our future development as a society. I strongly concur with Kagan’s standpoint of the necessity of history, and the realization of how exactly our flourishing society came about. History is a key constituent in determining who we are; for to determine who we are one must first know from whence they came. In the words of George Santayana, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”.
Osteoporosis is a common problem worldwide. It affects people of all races and ages. Older people are particularly prone to the disease because the ageing process involves bone weakening,
The veterans were majorly affected by Post Traumatic Stress Disorder because they watched their comrades die right in front of them and had flashbacks of when their comrades fell. PTSD affects the brain of the soldiers that witnessed traumatic events(The VVA Veterans, web). They can have invasive memories. They can also end up with seizures. The seizures will come with a lot of anxiety or stress related from war memories. The seizures would come into play when they are having an anxiety attack or the memories. The doctors did not know how to stop the seizures at first till a year later from the soldiers being home or the doctors wouldnt diagnose the soldiers with them.
BMD is the most important quantifiable predictor of osteoporotic fracture and low BMD with other major risk factors combine to further increase a person’s risk of fracture (6). Therefore, measuring BMD in a postmenopausal woman or a man over the age of 50 with 1 of the other major risk factors for fracture is a must. Risk factors for osteoporotic fracture are additive and should not be considered to be independent of one another. They must be evaluated in the context of baseline age and sex-related risk of fracture (6). For example, a 55 year old with low BMD is at significantly less risk than a 75 year old with the same low BMD. A person with low BMD and a prior fragility fracture is at considered more risk than another person with the same low BMD and no fracture
In the United States, approximately 10 million people over the age of 50 have osteoporosis and an additional 34 million have osteopenia, which is characterized by reduced bone mass [10]. This disease can be defined as low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which is characterized by bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures, especially of the spine and hip. The risk of bone fracture from osteoporosis increases with age and it is approximated that 50% of those affected are women [6]. As the population ages and life expectancy increases, the number of osteoporosis cases will likely increase, making the disease a major public health burden in the western world.
In addition to financial cost, osteoporosis is a burdensome disease because it often results in injury, which leads to immobility, depression, and infection risk. Considering the targeted population for osteoporosis, immobility is very debilitating because it affects activities of daily living. When individuals are positions where they are unable to care for themselves, they are at risk for depression. Often times, elderly individuals lack family support when they need assistance at home. With a lack of help available, individuals are placed in nursing homes or left alone to struggle independently. When individuals are victims to fractures, hospital visits are sometimes required in the event surgery is performed. Considering the age of most patients, they are susceptible to infections if not properly cared for after surgery.
Catholic’s were slaughtered in the Roman arenas by persecution of the early church, while Romans tolerated other religions. The Catholics launched a military
On Christmas day in 1642, a feeble premature baby boy was born. The boy, Isaac Newton, proved to be a survivor and grew into a religiously and intellectually strong man. Intrigued by the universe that God created, Newton's faith inspired him to make many of the greatest scientific discoveries in the history of man. Newton discovered gravity, explained the motion of planets, and knew how to turn white light into a rainbow. He wrote one of the greatest scientific works of all time: The Principia. Newton believed that religion and science went hand in hand and did his scientific work to bring light to the creation of God. He wanted to leave a lasting impression of the glory of God in people's lives by uncovering the mysteries of God's works. Indeed Newton did unveil mysteries. He established order where magic and myths had previously been. Undoubtedly, he left a lasting impression on the world. In his effort to prove the congruence of science and religion, Newton created an unending era of scientific thought that did not complement religion, but instead began to smother it. As science began providing intellectual answers to mysteries of the world, it became unnecessary for people to rely on faith for answers. Indeed Newton's theories left a permanent mark on humanity. The paradoxical way in which his intentions to glorify God weakened religion on a worldwide scale would have mortified him.1
Iggers opens the book by talking about a revolutionary way that the Western world was taught about history. Throughout the book he ascertains the changes that take place throughout historiography and the nature of history itself. He also examines prior historical notions and the way that historiography was altered after World War II. History morphed from previous antiquarian teachings into a deeper, more evaluated approach. Historians gained a more intimate relationship with postmodern ideas and began looking at history in an objective manner using contemporary discipline. Iggers studies the way postmodernism was changed by new social sciences which allowed more detail into cultural influences and the problems surrounding globalization theories. He also explains the birth of microhistory which replaced macrohistory.
In modern days, scientific discourse between ‘normal’ and ‘revolutionary’ scientists has raised questions about what they should or shouldn 't give proper attention and further study. One example of this, is the orthodox narrative of modern human history shared by geologists and archaeologists around the world, which tells us that the first technologically advanced human civilizations started in Mesopotamia around 3,000-5,000 BC. However, a series of evidence brought forth by two science skeptics and scientists suggest that the current narrative of our history could be inaccurate. They argue that it’s possible that a lost, technologically advanced ancient civilization mapped and explored the globe with great accuracy millennia before orthodox human history tells. From this debate arises a question: Should scientists focus exclusively on driving the current paradigm to its limits and not bother challenging it, even if other theories and scientific evidence defy the paradigm?
Osteoporosis is the loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone matrix resulting in brittle and fragile bones (Weber & Kelley, 2014). The rate of bone resorption is greater than the rate of bone formation, therefore, causing bones to become porous and under stress, can fracture (Drake, Clarke, & Lewiecki, 2015). Conditions that contribute to osteoporosis include poor nutrition, menopause, long-term use of glucocorticoid therapy, and hyperthyroidism are only a few conditions. These conditions all have several related factors that contribute to osteoporosis, breakdown of bone or prevention of bone remodeling. For instance, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium can lead to osteoporosis because they are necessary for bone
John Lewis Gaddis, in his book, The Landscape of History, generates a strong argument for the historical method by bringing together the multiple standpoints in viewing history and the sciences. The issue of objective truth in history is addressed throughout Gaddis’s work. In general, historians learn to select the various events that they believe to be valid. Historians must face the fact that there is an “accurate” interpretation of the past ceases to exist because interpretation itself is based on the experience of the historian, in which people cannot observe directly (Gaddis 10). Historians can only view the past in a limited perspective, which generates subjectivity and bias, and claiming a piece of history to be “objective” is simplistic. Seeing the world in a multidimensiona...
While osteoporosis is often thought of as an older person's disease, it can strike at any age. Osteoporosis is responsible for more than 1.5 million fractures annual...