Bioprospecting potential of actinomycetes from Indian rare ecosystems had been explored with special reference to antitubercular activity. Seventy two actinomycete isolates were recovered from the soil samples collected from different rare ecosystems viz., Thar desert, coffee plantation, rubber forest and Hill area. After dereplication of 18 actinomycetes based on their phenotypic characteristics, fifty four actinomycete isolates were selected among which 43 isolates were Streptomycetes and 11 were rare actinomycetes. Crude extracts from actinomycete isolates were produced by agar surface fermentation using yeast extract malt extract agar. While screening for antitubercular activity by luciferase reporter phage assay, extracts of 39 actinomycetes showed activity against one or more M. tuberculosis isolates whereas 27 isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against non-mycobacterial pathogens. In particular crude extracts from sixteen actinomycete isolates inhibited all the three M. tuberculosis isolates tested. Among these 16 isolates, strain D25, isolated from Thar desert soil produced yellow-orange pigment only in solid culture showing promising activity against 15 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates and gram positive bacterial pathogens. Findings of the present study revealed that actinomycetes from Indian rare ecosystems are the promising source for the isolation of antituberculosis compounds. The active pigment produced by the desert soil derived actinomycete strain D25 will probably be a potential candidate for the development of anti TB antibiotics.
Key words: actinomycetes, rare ecosystems, antitubercular, LRP assay, Thar desert
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disea...
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... aureus MTCC 96 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv which indicated the production of bioactive compounds in liquid culture too. Similar results were obtained with submerged cultures by other authors[35,36].
Strain D25 isolated from Thar Desert soil, Rajasthan showed activity exclusively against gram positive bacteria and M. tuberculosis H37RV, drug sensitive, MDR and XDR clinical strains of M. tuberculosis. Extracellular bioactive yellow-orange pigment was found to be produced only on solid medium but not in liquid medium. The promising activity exhibited by the strain D25 against 15 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates showing varying antibiotic resistant pattern further strengthens its potential. Findings of the present study evidenced that actinomycetes of Indian rare ecosystems deserves the potential for bioprospecting with special reference to antituberculosis compounds.
Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative bacillus, was originally and solely considered a biological marker in the medicinal industry, due to its highly natural red pigment: Prodigiosin (Hejazi and Falkiner, 1997). The pigment has numerous roles within bacteria, which can be further translated into the pharmaceutical and medical domain. This bacterium naturally occurs in water, soil, on plants as well as in humans and animals (Khanafari et al, 2006), where it is deemed an opportunistic pathogen.
In this lab project, the microbiology students were given 2 unknown bacteria in a mixed broth each broth being numbered. The goal of this project is to determine the species of bacteria in the broth. They had to separate and isolate the bacteria from the mixed broth and ran numerous tests to identify the unknown bacteria. The significance of identifying an unknown bacteria is in a clinical setting. Determining the exact bacteria in order to prescribe the right treatment for the patient. This project is significant for a microbiology students because it gives necessary skills to them for future careers relating to clinical and research work.
The purpose of this study is to identify an unknown bacterium from a mixed culture, by conducting different biochemical tests. Bacteria are an integral part of our ecosystem. They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species. These biochemical tests are process of elimination that relies on the bacteria’s ability to breakdown certain kinds of food sources, their respiratory abilities and other biochemical conditions found in nature.
In this experiment the heat shock method will be used to deliver a vector (plasmid) of GFP to transform and grow E. coli bacteria. Four plates containing Luria Bertani (LB) broth and either –pGLO and +pGLO will have E. coli bacteria added to it. The plate containing –pGLO (no pGLO) and LB will show growth as ampicillin will be present killing bacteria but no glowing because no arabinose will be present for glowing to be activated, the same result will be seen in the plate containing +pGLO, LB and ampicillin. The plate with –pGLO, LB and ampicillin will show no growth and no glowing as no arabinose is present for glowing to be activated
With Egyptian woman being of one aspect of a multi-dimensional look at woman of the ancient times, woman who wrote classical literature in India also played an important part in providing future generations with stories and poems that were skillfully explained with suggestions, compared to the graphic descriptions that were seen in Ancient Egyptian love poems. One of the ancient Indian authors who perfected this technique is Vikatanitamba. Even though Vikatanitamba is similar in evoking passion within her poems, like the ancient Egyptians, she shows her able show her multi-dimensionality, but discretely. One poem where this was skill was shown was “As he came to bed”. Within the first line, she is able to subtly explain her dress falling off
The purpose of this project was to identify unknown bacteria species from a mixed culture. The two unknown species were initially plated onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), and blood agar plates to distinguish between the two different bacteria using colony size, color, shape, and growth characteristics. By identifying and inoculating the differing types of colonies, the two unknown bacteria were purified and able to be tested
Vancomycin was first discoverd by Eli Lilly, from a soil sample which is collected from the jungles of Borneo. It is a naturally obtained antibiotic produced by the soil bacterium Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis
Talaro , K., & Chess, B. (2012). Foundations in microbiology. (8th ed., pp. 563-564). New York, NY:
The Artemia franciscana can survive in extreme conditions of salinity, water depth, and temperature (Biology 108 laboratory manual, 2010), but do A. franciscana prefer these conditions or do they simply cope with their surroundings? This experiment explored the extent of the A. franciscanas preference towards three major stimuli: light, temperature, and acidity. A. franciscana are able to endure extreme temperature ranges from 6 ̊ C to 40 ̊ C, however since their optimal temperature for breeding is about room temperature it can be inferred that the A. franciscana will prefer this over other temperatures (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). This is much the same in regards to acidity as Artemia franciscana, in general thrive in saline lakes, can survive pH ranges between 7 and 10 with 8 being ideal for cysts(eggs) to hatch (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Based on this fact alone the tested A. franciscana should show preference to higher pH levels. In nature A. franciscana feed by scraping food, such as algae, of rocks and can be classified as a bottom feeder; with this said, A. franciscana are usually located in shallow waters. In respect to the preference of light intensity, A. franciscana can be hypothesized to respond to light erratically (Fox, 2001; Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Using these predictions, and the results of the experimentation on the A. franciscana and stimuli, we will be able to determine their preference towards light, temperature, and pH.
"Chapter 6 Treatment of Tuberculosis Disease." . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 13 May 2014. .
Abe Kōbō had a method with his stories and plays, that captivated his audiences through the complexities of his plots as well as the obscure meanings within them. His use of suspense and charm help keep his audience on their toes, while his disjointed plots help guide the readers to emotions and thoughts that are outside of the normal spectrum of ideas. This approach of evoking powerful emotions such as fear and confusion through a literary standpoint can have a strong impact on the reader. This impact is seen through the significance of the protagonist turning into a plant in the story, "Dendrocacalia" by Abe Kōbō. The assessment made by Christopher Bolton in his essay “Transforming Science” (pg 29-34), suggest that Abe’s work is strictly
Doripenem (C15H24N4O6S2) is a member of carbapenem beta lactam antibiotic. Doripenem display antibacterial activity mostly against Gram-negative bacteria. The IUPAC name of Doripenem is (+)-(4R,5S,6S)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[(3S,5S)-5-(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]thio-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid and molecular weight of 420.50.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a nonmotile, acid-fast, obligate aerobe. The bacilli are 2-4 um in length and have a very slow generation time of between 15 and 20 hours. The cell wall of the mycobacterium is unique in that it is composed mainly of acidic waxes, specifically mycolic acids. M. tuberculosis is unusually resistant to drying and chemicals, contributing to the ease with which it is transmitted.
In this method, living spores which are resistant to whichever sterilizing agent is being tested are prepared in either a self contained system, such as dry sp...
Leboffe, M. J., & Pierce, B. E. (2010). Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application, Third Edition 3rd Edition (3rd Ed.). Morton Publishing