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Family environment and background affecting child development
How is childrens development influenced by trauma
Family environment and background affecting child development
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During the course of this class it has been acknowledge that there are many contexts that influence an individual’s development. These circumstances are multifaceted and complex, (Shaffer & Kipp, 2010). I consider that a holistic approach is equally effective for accounting for atypical development as it is for a typical development. For this I would like to elaborate on the subject of antisocial behavior. In our society, an individual with typical or “normal” behavior development is anticipated to avoid hurting others, exhibit prosocial behavior, and have a personal vow to accept and follow societal rules. Conversely, antisocial behaviors are unruly acts characterized by hidden and evident hostility and intentional aggression towards others. Antisocial behaviors exist along a severity continuum and include repeated violations of social rules; these …show more content…
Children who grow up in deprives communities are in a much higher danger of dropping out of school, use drugs, and engage in criminal activity, (Moffit, 2005; Shaffer & Kipp, 2010). Studies also have found that parents with limited income resources are more likely to neglect and abuse children (Cancian, Slack, & Yang, 2010); in turn children who are neglected and abused are more likely to engage in antisocial behaviors (Moffit, 2005; Shaffer & Kipp, 2010). Children of parents who have an uninvolved style are often relatively high in aggression, than children whose parents are authoritative (Shaffer & Kipp, 2010). Children and adolescents who do not developed healthy attachment with their parents and caregivers are also at higher risk of engaging in the aforementioned disorderly and criminal behaviors. Lack of parental concern or warmth often results in the lack of control by the child (Bower & Atkins,
Silverthorn, P., & Frick, P.J. (1999). Developmental pathways to antisocial behavior: the delayed-onset pathway in girls . Development and Psychopathology, 11, 101-126.
Moffitt, Terrie E. 1993. “Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy.” Psychological Review 100:674–701.
Children and youth who are at-risk for behavioral problems can have a negative impact on how well the family functions. African American youth who live in poverty are thought to be at-risk for several behavioral problems such as dropping out of school, conduct problems, fighting, criminal involvement, and substance abuse (Nebbitt et al, 2014, Wilson, Foster, Anderson, & Mance, 2009). They are often exposed to violence in their neighborhoods and families, and many of the schools that they attend have fewer resources, all of which help to increase the likelihood of acting out or behavior problems. Parents and families who live in poverty often do not have the education, knowledge or access to intervention or treatment that
Many studies have found that a single parent often raises aggressive children. Single parenthood is often associated with neighborhood type, which is another factor in predicting childhood aggression. This is because single parents are more likely to live in less advantaged neighborhoods. Aggressiveness in boys and girls is often seen in large urban areas. Studies show that children who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to experience stressful life events that lead to aggressive behavior. The association of single parenthood and neighborhood type helps to explain the discrepancy found in the degree of aggression. For example, if an aggressive child is reared in a single parent home, but is raised in an advantaged neighborhood, the degree of aggression will be less than that of a child raised in a single parent home that is also raised in a less advantaged neighborhood. Also, “divorced families that have achieved stability may show less conflict than married families, and authoritative parenting in single parent families may outweigh the effects of family structure” (Hetherington, 1992). Additional risks associated with family structure include low parental interest in boys’ education, a parent that has been convicted of a crime, parental discipline that is too harsh, and authoritarian parenting. Authoritarian parenting is defined as a style of child rearing where standards for proper behavior are high and when the child misbehaves, his misconduct is very strictly punished.
Giller, Henri, Ann Hagell, and Michael Rutter. Antisocial Behavior By Young People. New York: Cambridge UP, 1998.
Many adolescents drop out of school because they have to help work to help support their family, pregnancy, or these schools are not easily accessible. Poverty also affects a child’s social-emotional development. Children living in poverty are often times living in households that are noisy, overcrowded, or unsafe. Many children do not know how to deal with these stressors and can cause emotional issues within the child. High stress, anxiety, depression, and negative behaviors are among the issues that emerge from these stressors. (Aber Morris & Raver, 2012) In addition, families are often unable to afford or have the time to take their children to socially enhancing programs. These programs could include clubs, sports, libraries, parks, etc. These programs are great outlets of the stress they are facing at home and in their day-to-day life, when children do not have these they typically will turn to their friends or peers. In low-income neighborhoods, there is a lot of crime and violence; many children who turn to their friends or peers can become involved with delinquent
Firstly, children are all born innocent in to earth therefore, no child has the view in which family or class he/she is born into. Poverty is correlated with crimes by adolescence due to the negative factors that arrive by poverty. While in poverty adolescence in and out of families are easily subjective to mental illnesses, deprivation, and sorrow. Furthermore, mental illnesses are commonly seen in the poor rather than the rich. This can be caused by many factors such as the lack of money, food, housing problems, etc. Although, it is proven that many poor households with youth have mental disorders which commonly are depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. These illnesses can affect adolescence by clouding their thought and perception which later pushes them to be involve in illegal activities. According to Wright (2013), “Teens are invovlved in drugs and illegal activity not only because of stress and family problems, but mainly because of their family’s financial problems. In other words, poverty.” In addition, deprivation is a constant factor in the crimes that adolescence commit from low income households. When a young adult is deprived of money and food and other items they try in whatever means to receive it which leads to crimes.
When parents lose don't have a job or don't have a high paying job they are forced to live in poor neighborhoods. Experts say in these low income areas with high levels of crime the community “is where the child is influenced after their first highly formative years. their friends in the community may influence them to
When you first spot someone being socially disruptive at a young age, you would assume that they would turn out to be aggressive. This paper will explore children with aggressive and delinquent family backgrounds, and their likelihood of becoming future criminals. It will also cover a few theories of how to prevent future criminal offences. There is always the possibility that different types of aggression could end up having multiple different outcomes. There are two different ways to describe aggression, indirect aggression and direct aggression. Indirect aggression is simply using aggressive words and tones. Direct aggression is described as using physical actions towards someone. (Benson, 2002). Now, the real question is: do children that
In a study by Albert Bandura, Bandura found that children learn by watching. He called this observational learning and found that those children who were exposed to an adult who expressed aggressive behavior would then express aggressive behavior after watching them. Because of this study, we know that children who grow up in toxic environments may grow up to be destructive parents. One way of stopping this is getting more children of these families a proper education. A problem with this theory is that many schools in poor neighborhoods are under funded by the government and don’t have the essential materials for kids to receive a good education.
In the early years of children, issues of challenging behaviors are bound to surface due to the people in their environment such as peers and the teachers. With the focus steered towards the age group of 4 to 5 years olds, this essay discusses how peers and teachers can encourage the challenging behaviour of antisocial; the presence of antisocial (E.g. angry, destructive, or defiant) behavior and the absence of prosocial (E.g. communicative or compliant) behavior.
Families serve as one of the strongest socializing forces in a person's life. They help teach children to control unacceptable behavior, to delay gratification, and to respect the rights of others. Conversely, families can also teach children aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior. In adults' lives, family responsibilities may provide an important stabilizing force. Given these possibilities, family life may directly contribute to the development of delinquent and criminal tendencies. Parental conflict and child abuse correlate with delinquency. Though not all children who grow up in conflictive or violent homes become delinquent, however, being exposed to conflict and violence appears to increase the risk of delinquency. At this point, researchers have not pin pointed what factors exactly push some at-risk youth into delinquency. A child with criminal parents faces a greater likelihood of becoming a delinquent than children with law-abiding parents. However, the influence appears not to be directly related to criminality but possibly to poor supervision.
There are research findings that have proven children in poverty are more likely to display higher rates of disruptive behavior (Roy & Raver, 2014). For the reason that parents who live in poverty are at higher risk in losing their jobs, working multiple jobs, poor health care, and unsafe neighborhoods, it is difficult for parents to have quality and efficient childcare and healthy parenting styles. Disregarding gender, challenging behaviors have been apparent
Koziey, P. W. & Davies, L. (1982). Broken homes: impact on adolescents. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 28 (2), 95-99. Maccoby, E. E. (2000). Parenting and its Effects on Children: On Reading and Misreading Behavior Genetics. 51(10), 1-27. doi:10.1146/annualrev.psych.51.1.1 Popenoe, D. (1995). The American family crisis. National Forum, 75 (3), 15-20. Price, C., & Kunz, J. (2003). Rethinking the paradigm of juvenile delinquency as related to divorce. Journal of divorce and remarriage, 109-133. References Apel, R., & Kaukinen, C. (2008). On the relationship between family structure and antisocial behavior: Parental cohabitation and blended households. Criminology, 46, 35-70. Burt, S., Barnes, A., McGue, M., & Lacono, W. (2008). Parental divorce and adolescent delinquency: Ruling out the impact of common genes. Developmental Psychology, 1668-1677. Comanor, W., & Phillips, L. (2002 ). The impact of income and family structure on delinquency. Journal of applied economics, 209-232. Demuth, S., & Brown, S. (2004). Family structure, family processes, and adolescent delinquency: The significance of parental absence versus parental gender. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 5, 209-232. Guo, G., Roettger, M., &
The cause of parenting helps a child to grow being disciplined with their behavior and the way that they think for themselves and to others. Proper parenting can be performed by any adult or early adulthood aged individuals who are passionate enough to provide necessary care for their children. It is observed that improper parenting style makes their children to grow irresponsible because they can be at risk for becoming delinquent individuals in the future. It has been learned that children who are involved in delinquent activities did not experienced proper parenting, which caused their attitude to be harboring personality disorders. Anti-social personality has been associated for children who grew up without their parents or guardians that made them to think that all illegal behaviors are perceived to be legal. Children become vetera...