Antimicrobial Activity of Soil Isolates
Abstract:
Isolation and characterization of microorganisms is a practice that aids in
Increasing ones knowledge of a laboratory setting and it helps improve on
Using sterile technique. Isolates of soil microbes can be categorized and
Characterized based on a number of criteria ranging from gram-staining
Which is done for this project to enumeration which is quantitative description
Based on the amount of microbial colonies available. The Antimicrobial
Activity of three different microbes were also tested and results were obtained
For two out of three of the microbes. Two out of three of the tested microbes
Exhibited antimicrobial activity towards the bacteria E. Coli and B. Mycoides
And the results were recorded. Microbes produce various antibiotics and by
Isolating different microbes the antibodies can be tested for.
Introduction:
This lab focuses on the isolation and characterization of an unknown organisms expressing interesting properties in relation to Antimicrobial Activity. At the conclusion of this laboratory experience The researcher would be required to describe the isolates obtained from the soil macroscopic and microscopic appearance, Perform the gram stain of the microorganisms in question and to discriminate the organisms from other microbes that could be contained in the soil and to finally make certain that the organisms have not been exposed to outside sources and be isolated in a pure culture. The researcher must first isolate the microbe and try to grow the organism in a pure culture to commence with testing the organism. The isolation of Microbes in a laboratory and clinical settings are of the up most importance and due to the isolation of different microbes from each other various procedures become open for the researcher to use like six fold dilutions that allow for the quarantined microbe to be reduced down in number to ensure that the test are being run are being tested on just a single type of organism. But before dilutions can occur the microbe must first be liberated from the soil and streaked onto an Agar plate to grow. There are various methods that can be used once the organism has grown onto the agar plate to ensure that the sample collected would o...
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...actors due to the large or small amount of colonies present on my agar plated media. This could be accounted for by stating that there was a very large amount of microbes present in the soil and the dilutions did not dilute enough of the microorganism out or human error could also account for Not having any statistically significant plates to use.
The bacterium that I replated was obtained from the YPD 10-3 media and it gave rise to bacterium 1 & 3, The other bacterium that I obtained came from LB 10-5 . The two bacterium from the YPD plate varied in color the bacterium that I refer to as one had a reddish color had a circular form a raised elevation and a entire margin, The bacterium that I refer to as 3 Had a grey appearance a circular form a raised elevation and the margin appeared to be entire. The bacterium that I obtained from the LB media had a white appearance had a circular form a faintly raised elevation and the margin was entire.
References:
-Microbiology Laboratory Manual
-http://www.talron.co.il/index.php?module=pagemaster&page user op=view page&PAGE id=8&MMN position=9:2
-http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/img/assests/6840/95762_YPD_Agar_17119_83055_ 1777 .pdf
One bacterium was gram negative. It underwent four different tests. These tests were the EMB test (Eosin Mehylene Blue), the Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) test, the Urease test, and the Simmon’s Citrate Utilization test. The EMB test checks for a bacteria’s ability to ferment lactose. This test is accomplished by placing the bacteria on Eosin Methylene Blue agar. The agar is selective for gram negative bacteria and those bacteria that can ferment lactose will have colored growth, usually a metallic green sheen.
They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species.
War deprives soldiers of so much that there is nothing more to take. No longer afraid, they give up inside waiting for the peace that will come with death. War not only takes adolescence, but plasters life with images of death and destruction. Seeger and Remarque demonstrate the theme of a lost generation of men in war through diction, repetition, and personification to relate to their readers that though inevitable and unpredictable, death is not something to be feared, but to calmly be accepted and perhaps anticipated. The men who fight in wars are cast out from society, due to a misunderstanding of the impact of such a dark experience in the formative years of a man’s life, thus being known as the lost generation.
War can not be fully described in just words, humans have to experience it to know how it really is. In passage 1 from “The Things They Carried”, a fictional memoir by Tim O'brien, the narrator describes the contradictory nature of war. O’brien uses rhetorical strategies to characterize the experience of war. O’brien uses imagery, anaphora, and paradox to guide readers understand the experience of war through fictional writing.
Stephen Crane’s approach to writing about war struck oddly with the reader right from the beginning. Thoughts running through the youth’s head do not sound like those of a hero. He has no purpose in this war, yet he fights in it anyway. The lack of a mighty American lumberjack hero as a protagonist immediately sets this story on a different track than the usual romantic, vivid, traditional, honorable accounts of war. The youth has no idea what he is getting himself into.
Talaro , K., & Chess, B. (2012). Foundations in microbiology. (8th ed., pp. 563-564). New York, NY:
I identified the genus and species of an unknown bacterial culture, #16, and I applied the following knowledge of morphologic, cultural and metabolic characteristics of the unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test.
There are four functions of the integumentary system: sensation, protection, thermoregulation, and secretion. Sensation detect changes in the external environment for temperature and pressure. Temperature produces the sensations of hot and cold. Pressure allows us to translate extreme pressure that results in the feeling of pain. Protection of the skin is an elastic resistant covering which prevents passage of harmful physical and chemical agents. The melanin produced by the melanocytes in the stratum germinativum protects us from the harms of UV rays. Keratin waterproofs the body which allows the handling of household chemicals, such as swimming in pool or taking a shower, to not be so disastrous to the underlying cells of the body.
Which is very important for nurses or any medical professional to do in the healthcare profession. Nurses are receiving these patients in their most vulnerable state, nurses are exposed and trusted with the patients’ information to further assist them on providing optimum treatment. Keeping patient’s information private goes back to not just doing what’s morally right but also it also builds that nurse – patient relationship as well. We also have provision three that specifically taps on this issue as well, as it states: “The nurse seeks to protect the health, safety, and rights of patient.” (Nurses Code of Ethics,
The moment a soldier leaves his everyday known life to go into the unknown world, he is exposed to the darkness and tragedies war has to offer. When this happens, loss of innocence is expected. The first example of this occurring is when Paul realizes how wonderful it would be to be a child again. “Am I crying? I put my hand to my eyes, it is fantastic; am I a child?” (4.43). In this quote it is evident that it is almost a treat for Paul to be crying because he is so deprived from feelings because it is the only way for him to survive. Paul also connects crying with being a child, which shows his connection between being innocent and youthful. In the Poem “Arms and The Boy” by Wilfred Owen the connection between being youthful and innocent is clear when a child is being introduced to weapons. When the narrator of the story says; “Let the boy try along this bayonet-blade. How cold steel is, and keen with hunger of bloods” he is hoping that this bayonet-blade will discard the innocence of the boy and replace it with a “hunger of blood”. This conscious of sorts in Wilfred Owens’s poem is convincing the boy who innocence isn’t needed as long as he has weapons, which will turn him into the man he needs to be and no longer a child. Once a soldier’s innocence is lost, he comes to notice he is less a m...
After he goes to ride the soldier, he his flung from his back and actually sees the soldier, “a face that lack a lower jaw – from upper teeth to the throat was a great red gap fringed with hanging shreds of flesh and splinters of bone.” (Bierce 44). This is the first glimpse the boy comprehends of the true devastation of war. And at this point the child has his first rational reaction,“terrified at last, ran to a tree near by, got upon the farther side of it and took a more serious view of the situation.” (Bierce 44). The author is using the childes revelation of the violence in war to introduce to his readers the devastation of
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.
	The pounding of shells, the mines, the death traps, the massive, blind destruction, the acrid stench of rotting flesh, the communal graves, the charred bodies, and the fear. These are the images of war. War has changed over the centuries from battles of legions of ironclad soldiers enveloped in glimmering armor fighting for what they believe to senseless acts of guerrilla warfare against those too coward to be draft-dodgers. Those who were there, who experienced the terror first hand were deeply effected and changed forever. In their retinas, images of blood and gore are burned for the rest of their life.
Inclusion does not only benefit the student, but the parents, teachers, school and the community. It is about understanding additional needs rather than ignoring them and allowing the student every chance that students without difficulties/disabilities have available to them