Anthony J. Spalinger’s, War in Ancient Egypt book is a complete introduction into the history of the war of the New Kingdom. Spalinger give you an in depth look into all the intricate parts of weaponry, logistics, various pharaohs along with the battles. I choose this book based on the reviews in amazon and how detailed this book would be on Egyptian military. I have long been interested in the Egyptian’s and wanting more information on the Egyptian war’s. The book give you some detailed insight on the horses, chariots, technology and how it was all used in the battles. Spalinger has some great additions with giving you information needed by using excursus, maps, notes, chronology and general bibliography. The book also includes archaeological …show more content…
He spoke in detail about the battles with Thutmose III of Megiddo and how they set up camps and carried out the duties for each of war. He speaks of the placement of the horses and the chariots, and how the soldiers used them based on the classifications. He stated that there may not have been different classification with it being an ordinary soldier versus an officer and how they were given different benefits. Spalinger also talks about the battle in Asia and Nubia with Egyptian imperialism run by Thutmose III. This campaign was when they had the ships take the booty back to Egypt. During this campaign, some Egyptian words were introduced, “inu” (meaning: plunder) and “baku” (meaning: worked). It was stated that “inu” was the most difficult to understand. “The word “plunder” is hard to analyze. Often translated as “tribute,” the Egyptian noun, inu, is ambiguous. Within a native context, it generally referred to extraordinary deliveries of goods.” (Page 111). After more reading, it appeared that “inu” also referred to supplies and necessities the men in battle. Spalinger spoke about the supplies in detail with the type of food and drinks they were sent back. Items mentioned were bread, wine, honey barley, wheat and fruits. It was also stated that they had some gold which could be exported to other kingdoms and be used as an important commodity back
Weigall, A. E. P. B. 1970. The life and times of AkhnAten, Pharaoh of Egypt. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any nation in the world. Written history of Egypt dates back to about 5,000 years, the commencement of civilization. While there is divergence in relation to Early Egyptian times, it is said that Egypt came to be around 3200 B.C., during the reign of a king by the name of Menes and unified the northern and southern cities of Egypt into one government. In 1675 B.C., Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos, people from the east, bringing along the very first of chariots and horses ever to come across Egyptian soil. Approximately 175 years later in 1500 B.C., the Egyptians had gotten rid of the Hyksos and driven them out. In 1375 B.C., Amenhotep IV had become the king of Egypt. During his reign he eliminated the worship of Egyptian gods and initiated the idea of only worshipping one god. But after his death, his ideas were retired and old ways were reestablished. Egyptian supremacy then started to decline around 1000 B.C. Between 1000 B.C. and 332 B.C., Egypt was ruled by many such as the Libyans, Assyrians, Ethiopians, and Persians. In 640, Muslims conquered Egypt and founded the city of Cairo in 969 and deemed it as the capital of Egypt. For many centuries Egypt was ruled by Muslim caliphs. A prominent ruler of this period was Saladin, who battled the Christian Crusaders at the conclusion of the twelfth century. In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt but was then forced to withdraw in 1801 Turkish and British armed forces. In 1805 Mohamed Ali began ruling Egypt till 1848 and great changed the country in terms of modernization and its military. During Mohamed’s conquest, he borrowed a lot of money from the French and British, which later resulted in Egypt’s coloniza...
In about 1630 BC, a group of mixed Semitic-Asiatics called ?Hyksos? (probably Egyptian for ?rulers of foreign lands?) seized power and ruled Egypt as Pharaohs or as vassals. The Hyksos introduced the horse and chariot, the compound bow, improved battle-axes and advanced fortification techniques into Egypt. Their chief deity was the Egyptian storm and desert god, Seth. Under the Hyksos rulers Seqeneenre and Kamose the Thebans began a revolt spread northward under Kamose until, in about 1521, Avaris feel to his successor, Ahmose, founder of the 18th Dynasty (Tyldesley, 1996:24-25).
...as, spices, and porcelain. Russia and the Black Sea came with furs, grain, and amber. Europe traded mirrors and drugs. Ottomans had inherited Seljuk caravan stops to help protect the caravan trade. They had state supervision to make sure there was no cheating; the kadi patrolled the markets for cheating. There was a tax on almost every transaction. The government was informed of everything; for example, when an employee left a company they were notified. Their main exports were leather, skins and wool. Many men were engaged in some sort of trade, even the sultan learned one. The Egyptian had many aspects on the economy that made their lives successful. They used trading for their money. The people collected grew or raised things to be sold in the markets. Egyptians trade was made up of trading gold and wheat. The children grew up learning the trade of their family.
Amarna Letters, c.1390, j. Breasted, date of translation is unknown, The Zenith of Egyptian power and the region of Amenhotep III, Tushratta, N.P
The Valley of the Kings is a valley in Egypt which was chosen as the burial ground for a great number of pharaohs and nobles of the New Kingdom; the New Kingdom in Egypt spans the time between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC which includes the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth dynasties of Egypt (Long 2015: 39). In 1979 an organization known as the Theban Mapping Project was organized to strategically catalogue the present and available archaeological record of the Theban Necropolis in the Valley of the Kings. “The TMP’s goal is to establish a historical and contemporary record of all monuments … and to prepare detailed topographical maps, architectural plans and surveys of their history and condition (Weeks 2000:1).” The book
Egypt was one of the first River Valley Civilizations. In Egypt there were big advances in art, math and science and also pottery. We still use the same number system and they even had fractions back in that time. During the Old Kingdom times the pyramids were built. The pyramids were tombs for the pharaohs of Egypt. These pyramids are one of the most popular historical sites in the world.
to 2650 B.C., changed his name to the more commonly known Zoser. It was Zoser
‘The Hyksos forced Egyptian Pharaohs to look beyond their own borders, and involve themselves in the affairs and lives of their neighbor’s’ Through the notion of looking beyond their own borders, the necessity of constant battles was not only to expand but also protect Egypt’s borders, this eventually led to the image of the ‘Warrior Pharaoh’. Egypt became the pre-eminent power in the east due to talented civil, military and religious bureaucracies. The Hyksos ‘encouraged new nationalism and patriotism’ this could be seen through formation of administration, stable rule, gods and building externally while taking on board the establishment of the extensive diplomatic and trading contacts with the eastern Mediterranean region and Nubia. The economic influences created by the Hyksos include various influences that furthermore excelled New Kingdom Egypt to be a greater society. The ‘foreign rulers’ introduced olive and pomegranate trees as well as domesticated cattle to the agricultural practices to Egyptian society. New trade routes and relations with Syria-Palestine, Nubia and Crete were opened up to Egyptians. The main technological advances that the Egyptians used to improve their society was the Hyksos’s advanced weaponry. The improvements implemented include the replacement of copper with bronze in weaponry; silver-working techniques as well as a vertical loom in which allowed tighter weaving and larger woven materials could be made. New weapons including; the horse-drawn chariot and its complementary style were adopted, the composite bow (also known as the ‘recurved’ bow) was stronger than the short bow that was introduced, a new style of battle axe, a Khepesh, light armor styles and finally the blue war crown that became a significant feature of the Pharaoh’s regalia. This weaponry and
The unification of Ancient Egypt became the major foundation for which the way Egyptian and African history is taught in this day and time. The combination of the two dynamic kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt played a significant role in shaping Egypt’s impact on the early civilization of mankind. Before the unification can be explored, we must further understand the differences of the two kingdoms. This will allow us to better grasp the concept of how the two advanced kingdoms complemented one another during their unification. The geographical qualities/relationship with the Nile River, trade routes, symbols, and religious beliefs will be fully analyzed in order to compare and contrast the two kingdoms. King Narmer’s (Menes) role in the unification
Hawass,Zahi. Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twentity-first Century. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2000.
When analyzing the fall of both empires, one must take into consideration that it did not just happen over night. In the case of the Egyptian empire, the reign of Ramses II was the final chapter of glory. Following his death, Egypt slowly but surely entered their declining stages beginning with the war against the “Sea Peoples.” The invaders, also known as the Peleset by Egyptians, were on a war path going along the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Flow of History). The Peleset came across both Syria and Palestine before coming to Egypt, where one of the first naval battles recorded in history was fought and ultimately won in Egypt's favor. Eventually, the Peleset settled down in Palestine and became the Philistines. Although Egypt had won the war, they gained very little out of it. Most of the results of the war were negative and Egypt's strength plummeted in the following decades (Flow of History).
There have been many prosperous civilizations throughout the history of the world. Many of them became very large, and lasted for a countless number of years. The most successful and large scale civilization, however, was that of Ancient Egypt. Although it lies in the middle of the largest desert in the world, egyptians were able to use their intelligence to utilize the Nile River and cultivate the surrounding land for farming. They came up with very unique conceptual ideas that benefitted them greatly, and discovered many new things that would impact society around the world to this day. For all of these reasons and many more, Ancient Egypt was the most advanced civilization of its time.
Before our modern day obsession with posting to internet walls and worshiping our pets, an ancient civilization nestled on the banks of the Nile River was doing the exact same thing. Except that civilization was over 6,000 years ago. That civilization was Egypt.
Ancient Egypt was a very successful civilization due to the seven indicators within the society.