Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder It has long been recognized that there are similarities between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Anorexia Nervosa. These similarities lie in the symptoms of the disorder. Many patients of both diseases report intrusive, fearful thoughts, a compulsive need to perform rituals, and an obsession with maintaining these rituals. In the case of anorexia nervosa these behaviors center on food and thinness whereas in OCD they are of a more general type. Past research has indicated that there is a higher prevalence rate for OCD among anorexia nervosa patients then in the normal population. The lifetime prevalence for OCD has been found to be around 3%. Conversely, the comorbidity rate for OCD and anorexia has been reported to be between 6% and 33%! This leads one to hypothesis that there may be a relationship between OCD and anorexia nervosa. It is not clear yet, based on the present research, what this relationship is. But, there are many studies out there that try to examine the relationship as well as its underlying causes. In this literature review some of this research will be examined and some preliminary conclusions will be drawn. Finally, further research to explore this relationship will be proposed. Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a specific disorder defined in DSM IV. Several classifications must be met for a diagnosis of anorexia to be made. There must be a refusal by the patient to maintain a healthy body weight for their age and height. This behavior must eventually lead to a weight loss in which the body weight falls to less then 85% of the persons ideal body weight. Or the patient can refuse to gain any weight during periods of growth. In wome... ... middle of paper ... ...urther studies are conducted that lead to a better connection between the two disorders, sufferers can be treated more efficiently. Reference Gee, Rebecca, Telew, Nicholas. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and anorexia nervosa in a high school athlete: A case report. Journal of Athletic Training. 1999: 34:375-378 Han L, Nielsen D, Rosenthal N, Jefferson K, Kaye W, Murphy D, Altemus M, Humphries J, Cassano G, Rotondo A, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M, & Goldman D. No coding varient of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene detected in seasonal affective disoder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, and alcoholism. Biological Psychiatry. 1999:45:615-619. Thiel A, Zurger M, Jacoby G, & Shussler G. Thirty month outcome in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa and concomitant obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998: 155:244-249.
Recurrent episodes of binge eating is classified by eating large amounts of food in a discrete amount of time and a lack of control in over-consuming during an episode (Pomerantz, 2014). One then uses recurrent inappropriate purging behavior to prevent weight gain. DSM-5 has updated this occurrence to only once a week for three months. Those with the disorder cause self-evaluation to be strongly influenced by body shape and weight. These disturbances do not occur during episodes of anorexia nervosa, which is self starvation to limit calories and weight (American Psychiatric Association,
...Black, D.R.(1988). Male and female college athletes: Prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Athletic Training, 23, 137-140.
Barack received a bachelor’s degree from Columbia University and then worked as a community organizer on the South Side of Chicago. This helped him gain a lot of confidence and responsibility. He had many plans and goals to make the community better. He achieved his goals and this was just the beginning of a successful path in his life. He decided to attend Harvard Law School, which helped him bring change for himself, his family, and especially to his community. Also in that school he also gained the knowledge and power of becoming a leader that he wanted to become.
...l, D. M., & Willard, S. G. (2003). When dieting becomes dangerous: A guide to understanding and treating anorexia and bulimia [Ebrary version]. Retrieved from http://libproxy.utdallas.edu/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utdallas/Doc?id=10170079&ppg=4
Crow, Scott J. et al. "Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry. 166. 12. (2009): 1342+. General OneFile. Web. 25 Nov. 2010.
Considering the growing preoccupation of teenage girls with their weight and their bodies, eating disorders have become even more of a concern. In light of the fact that mortality in anorexia nervosa is among the highest of all psychiatric disorders, it is increasingly important to understand what causes eating disorders and how best to treat them (Herzog et al., 1996). A meaningful area of research to consider when trying to understand eating disorders is comorbidity. Such psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders, affective disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse have been found to coexist, at least to some degree, with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This paper will examine how anxiety disorders have been found to interact with both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Athletes are among the quickest, strongest, most flexible people in the world, so one would expect them to adhere to the latest health and fitness information, right? Not always. The problem is that the athletes often believe that more fit equals less fat. The death of Olympic gymnast Christy Henrich from anorexia nervosa began to bring the topic of athletes and eating disorders to the forefront. Research into the topic of eating disorders and athletes shows a few interesting findings. Most of the studies focus on women and specific sports, namely gymnastics, figure skating, diving, and other weight-dependent sports. Some research, however, shows prevelance findings of eating disorders in female athletes congruent with the general population.
Throughout the transitioning period with debating over Romanticism and Classicism, Chopin declared himself through his music, on the Romantic side (Goldberg, 22).
One kind of anxiety disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This disease can ruin a person's life because it causes them to have repetitive thoughts and behaviors towards certain things. Life can become very difficult because this way of thinking and acting is very difficult to overcome, especially since the obsessions have no point and are stressful for the person. It begins to interfere with the person's school, work, and/or home.
Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States in the 2008 presidential election. He was the 1st African Americans elected. He wanted a change in direction and different tone in the country. He also wanted to cut taxes and expand health care within the United States. Barack Obama said, “Because of what we did on this day, in this election, in this defining moment, change has come to america.” This paper is going to tell you about the Social, Political, and Economic effects this presidency had on the United States.
Barack Obama was born August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents were Stanley (Ann) Dunham and his father was Barack Obama Sr., they split up when he was only an infant. His mother was a White American from Kansas and his father was an African American from Kenya. After the divorce, he would only see his father about once or twice every year. He and his mother would always be moving around since the divorce, so she decided he would stay with his grandparents for a while. At one point in time, he was living Indonisia with his mother, he also had a pet ape named Tata. When his mother was around, she would always do what was best for him. When Barack was six, his mother would wake him up early to teach him to read and write. Unfortunately his father, Barack, died in 1982, in a fatal car crash. In 1995, his mother, Ann,
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a disease that a lot of people suffer with in society especially young adults. While it is not a disease that is deadly, it does affect the victim in every day aspects of their life and can ultimately control their lives. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is defined by the National Institute of Mental Health as, “… a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over”. The thoughts that individuals have when suffering through Obsessive Compulsive Disorder cannot be restrained and really can disturb the individual. Thoughts or actions that people may have can range from worrying about daily occurrences, such as washing their hands, to having thoughts of harming people that are close to them. People tend to have these reoccurring compulsions because they believe by doing them or thinking them, they will either prevent something bad from happening or because it eliminates stress that they have. This disease can last a lifetime and can be very detrimental and disabling to how one lives their lives. Individuals can start to see signs of OCD in either late adolescence or even early adulthood and everyone is susceptible. When it comes to classifying this incurable disease, there is much debate on whether or not it a type of anxiety (Abramowitz, Taylor, & McKay, 2009). It is important to be able to understand this mental disorder since so many people are diagnosed with it. While there are treatments for OCD, there are no cures yet. Treatments could range anywhere from taking prescribed medication to just going to therapy and counseling fo...
Barack Obama left Hawaii for Los Angeles, where he studied for two years before transferring to Columbia University in New York City. He graduated in 1983, and obviously his major was politi...
The first type of person who marries or wants to do so is known as the marriage naturalist. This tends to be the majority of rural populations who seem to still have similar views to that of former generations when it comes to the ultimate commitment. These traditional people see marriage as something that should be done as the next step of adulthood. Typically, marriage naturalists wed if the relationship has endured for long enough and the time feels right. For them, the transition into adulthood is fairly quick. Many go on to higher education for a short or average amount of time, or head directly into the work force. Instead of waiting for stability, they decide to make the plunge depending on how long the relationship has been going. It’s a steady flow, and usually based on the two people as a whole instead of each person as an individual. As a result,...
Anorexia Nervosa has three Diagnostic Criteria. One is refusal to maintain body weight at or above normal. The other is, intense fear of becoming fat, even though under average weight. The last one is, Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self- evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of low body weight (Long 15).