Annotated Bibliography On Media, Gender Roles, And Androcentrism

1183 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Gender inequality in the media

Gender Socialization Part II: Annotated Bibliography on Media, Gender Roles, and Androcentrism
Boyle, E. (2010). Marketing muscular masculinity in Arnold: the education of a bodybuilder. Journal Of Gender Studies, 19(2), 153-166. doi:10.1080/09589231003695872
Boyle in this article talks about Arnold Schwarzenegger and his rise to fame through his bodybuilding (2010). But Boyle (2010) noticed three themes in the book: self-improvement as a man, whiteness, and the issue with homophobia and homoeroticism. Schwarzenegger talked about how he admired other bodybuilders bodies and how he feared that he would be viewed as delicate to the other men (Boyle, 2010). This article also talks about the double standard of strength and size in terms of bodybuliding …show more content…

D. (2014). Men at the Crossroads: A Profile Analysis of Hypermasculinity in Emerging Adulthood. Journal Of Men 's Studies, 22(2), 105-121. …show more content…

According to Zayer and Coleman (2015) there are three pillars of institutions in advertising, and these pillars potentially influence how males and females are portrayed in the media. In the media, women are typically seen as vulnerable while men are in a powerful position. But Zayer and Coleman found that in the media both men and women feel vulnerable in a sense of being unable to uphold society’s expectations. The research was conducted through a series of interviews, focus groups, and field observations. The data was collected in two rounds, the first round was done in a large advertising agency where someone worked there (attending meetings and such) and interviewed some workers and created focus groups (Zayer & Coleman, 2015). The second round of data was collected by going to several advertising agencies in the U.S. and internationally, and found that they were more ethnically diverse (Zayer & Coleman, 2015). What Zayer and Coleman (2015) found that some believed that either media didn’t portray men or women in a negative way or that, they deflected personal responsibility and placed it on the network itself. This article shows how men and women are affected in the media and this connects to the theme of traditional gender roles, and how media influences

Show More
Related

  • Analysis Of Tough Guise

    1161 Words  | 3 Pages

    The movie, Tough Guise: Violence, Media and the Crisis in Masculinity produced by Jackson Katz and Jeremy Earp, deconstructs the concepts that create the social constructs of masculinity. Masculinity, a set of behaviors, roles, and attributes correlating to men, is earned, not given (Conley 190). Starting from television shows to children’s toys, the idea of masculinity has infiltrated their minds starting at a young age. Moreover, the concept of masculinity has physical attributes, such as muscles, a deep voice, and be able to protect themselves. Masculinity, for boys of any races, socioeconomic classes, or ethnicity, has grown up with the same stereotypical image of what a man should entail. Since many media outlets show that a form of masculinity

    Read More

  • Analysis Of Bros Before Hos: The Guy Code

    1607 Words  | 4 Pages

    In Kimmel’s essay “’Bros Before Hos’: The Guy Code” he argues that the influence of society on masculinity is equal to or greater than biological influences on masculinity. In the essay, Kimmel uses various surveys and interviews to validate his argument. He points to peers, coaches, and family members as the people most likely to influence the development of a man’s masculinity. When a man has his manliness questioned, he immediately makes the decision never to say or do whatever caused him to be called a wimp, or unmanly. Kimmel’s argument is somewhat effective because the readers get firsthand accounts from the interviewees but the author does not provide any statistics to support his argument.

    Read More

  • At the Gym

    684 Words  | 2 Pages

    At the Gym, written by Mark Doty, dramatizes the conflict within the mind of a bodybuilder and his desire to change who and what he is. The speaker observes the routines of the bodybuilder bench-pressing at a local gym, and attempts to explain the driving force that compels him to change his appearance. The speaker illustrates the physical use of inanimate objects as the tools used for the “desired” transformation: “and hoist nothing that need be lifted” (5,6). However, coupled with “but some burden they’ve chosen this time” (7), the speaker takes the illustration beyond the physical use of the tools of transformation and delves into the bodybuilder’s mental state. The speaker ends by portraying the bodybuilder as an arrogant, muscular being with fragile feelings of insecurity.

    Read More

  • The Cause Of Violence In The Documentary: Tough Guise

    716 Words  | 2 Pages

    This change is particularly notable in the representations of men’s bodies. For example, the documentary mentions how the male protagonists in popular movies like “Superman” and “Batman”, as well as pro-wrestlers, were flabbier in 1960’s. By 1980s-1990s, however, the same characters were portrayed to be more muscular and bigger in sizes. The change was even evident in toys: male “Star Wars” figurines grew bigger plastic biceps over the

    Read More

  • Summary Of Tough Guise By Jack Katz

    372 Words  | 1 Pages

    In the December issue of Men’s Health, a popular men’s magazine, a man with a seemingly perfect physique is on the cover. The words that are in bold all over the cover talk about how to achieve the perfect body. The first bolded lines one sees are “Strong & Lean!” and “Drop 20lbs”. These lines convey the need for men to have a great physique. Like Jack Katz explained in Tough Guise, men struggle with what is considered a real man. A man has to be able to display is strength, by either having muscles or by having courage. According to society, to show that a person is a real man they must have a great body with muscles and abs. Throughout the years, men’s bodies have also been criticized for not being fit or strong. Jack Katz also explains

    Read More

  • Hegemonic Masculinity in American Society

    1499 Words  | 3 Pages

    ... E Glenn, and Nancy B Sherrod. The psychology of men and masculinity:Research status and future directions. New York: John Wiley and sons, 2001.

    Read More

  • Analysis Of Men Masculinities And The Media

    1027 Words  | 3 Pages

    Katz states that “physical size and strength for many men have become increasingly important to proving manhood” (Katz 3). He blames mainstream media for creating stereotypes of what men should look like and how they should act if they want to be a manly man. Action films starring, buff, male actors is one example he uses that portrays a tough guy image. He goes on to say that men are challenged by woman in education and in profession so the belief to have the advantage of being stronger and bigger in build result proving how important physical appearance is to man (Katz 2). The way he explains it is that men are to be seen as violent and more powerful or they won’t be seen as a manly man. Katz stresses on the idea of stereotypical images of men and the expectations that are put on men because of how much it can affect them at a young

    Read More

  • The Troubled Life of Boys; The Bully in the Mirror

    611 Words  | 2 Pages

    Over the years even action figures have gotten larger muscles, so much so that they are to proportions physically impossible to obtain. Every time you turn the corner, your eyes are drawn to some advertisement that shows a man with his shirt off, muscular and defined. “There is no way to plug popular culture into an equation and see what effect it has on mass psychology, of course, but there is widespread sentiment that these provocative images of buff males have really upped the ant...

    Read More

  • Sweat and Iron: People in the Bodybuilding Subculture

    1126 Words  | 3 Pages

    "What Is Everyday Life Like for a Bodybuilder?" Slate Magazine. Ed. Dylan Hafertepen. Quora Contributor, 4 July 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.

    Read More

  • Primed Social Roles on Gender Differences in Conformity

    1293 Words  | 3 Pages

    Steinfeldt J., Zakrajsek, Carter, and Steinfeldt M. (2011). Conformity to Gender Norms Among Female Student-Athletes: Implications for Body Image. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12(4), 401-416.

    Read More

  • Analysis of Susan Bordo´s Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body

    1623 Words  | 4 Pages

    In the essay “Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body,” author and philosopher Susan Bordo discusses the history and current state of male representation in advertisements. While using her feminist background, Bordo compares and contrasts the aspects of how men and women are portrayed in the public eye. She claims that there has been a paradigm shift the media with the theory that not just women are being objectified in the public eye, but also men too. Since the mid-1970s, with the introduction of Calvin Klein commercials, men have started to become more dehumanized and regarded as sex symbols. In a similar fashion to how Bordo describes gender, race plays a similar role in the media. People of all different ethnicities and cultures are being categorized into an oversimplified and usually unfair image by the media over basic characteristics.

    Read More

  • Women In Susan Bordo's Beauty Rediscovers The Male Body?

    2006 Words  | 5 Pages

    Who cares what people think about my body? For years, these words were almost exclusively uttered by men and self-secure people alike. However, with increasing societal pressures and expectations, abdominal muscles seem to be getting more attention than ever and male models seem to be just as highly coveted as women in the modeling industry. It seems that, the rise in men’s desire for a more masculine, defined body, in conjunction with the women’s desire for a man that has comparable beauty to the men they see in advertisements, come together to create revolutionized shift in the male body image. All these things seem to be true due to the exposure they get from social media. However, this is mere exposure; while in actuality male modeling advertisements has not significantly changed since the 1990s nor has societies view of the male body.

    Read More

  • Misrepresentation Of Women Essay

    1007 Words  | 3 Pages

    On a daily basis people are exposed to some sort of misrepresentation of gender; in the things individuals watch, and often the things that are purchased. Women are often the main target of this misrepresentation. “Women still experience actual prejudice and discrimination in terms of unequal treatment, unequal pay, and unequal value in real life, then so too do these themes continue to occur in media portraits.”(Byerly, Carolyn, Ross 35) The media has become so perverted, in especially the way it represents women, that a females can be handled and controlled by men, the individual man may not personally feel this way, but that is how men are characterized in American media. Some may say it doesn’t matter because media isn’t real life, but people are influenced by everything around them, surroundings that are part of daily routine start to change an individual’s perspective.

    Read More

  • The Gym, As a Social Scene

    1737 Words  | 4 Pages

    Although fitness centers and gyms may appear to be a place to break a sweat and work out with the intention of not being seen without makeup and in grungy clothes, this may not be the case, in particular when it comes to college gyms. Contrary to the findings Tamara L. Black displayed in her dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology from the University of California in Los Angeles, in which she depicts the situation of the classical fitness center as exercise dominated, after observations made while participating in the Boston College Recreational Complex, fitness centers may be more heavily focused on expressing sexual and social relations than for health related issues. Although she does not elaborate on this view of the gym, she does recognize that “popular media, cultural stereotypes, and some empirical literature depict gyms as places to meet people, where sexualized interactions are likely to take place, where bodies are on display as objects of desire” (pg. 40). This may be the perfect definition of the situation that I found in my observations. Shari L. Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs, in Body Panic: Gender, Health, and the Selling of Fitness, acknowledge “mainstream media construct men as active and women as inactive. In this view, women are often shown as ‘being visually perfect’ and passive, immobile, and unchanging’” (pg. 40). Perhaps we have media to blame for this hyper-sexualization of a situation that was initially intended for self-fulfillment and health related practices.

    Read More

  • Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders

    2180 Words  | 5 Pages

    Women compose the overwhelming majority of the reported cases of eating disorders. The, desire to be thin consumes many young women who idealize the false and unrealistic model form depicted in popular magazines. Recently, researchers have started to appreciate the role of exercise in the development of eating disorders. This shift has illuminated the striking influence of sports on body image satisfaction in men as well as women. The importance of a fit physique has grown increasingly salient to men in modem society as indicated by the rise of hypermasculine action heroes such as Arnold Schwartzenegger and Sylvester Stallone. One growing sport, bodybuilding, now has the sixth largest sports federation and has come to the attention of researchers. In the last few years, researchers have linked bodybuilding to an overwhelming drive for lean muscle mass coined "reverse anorexia" by Pope, Katz, and Hudson (1993) and "bigameraria" by Taylor(1985). The bodybuilders' obsessional behavior resembles anorexia nervosa with remarkable similarity except that the drive for enormous muscles replaces the drive for thinness. This alarming psychological syndrome may motivate bodybuilders and weightlifters, to a lesser extent, to relinquish friends, to give up responsibilities, to pursue unusual diets, to overtrain and to risk their health by abusing steroids.

    Read More

More about Annotated Bibliography On Media, Gender Roles, And Androcentrism

Open Document