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An essay on cuneiform
An essay on cuneiform
Essay on cuneiform writing
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Annotated Bibliography on Cuneiform 2 Encyclopedia Articles
Mark, Joshua J. "Cuneiform." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History
Encyclopedia, 28 Apr 2011. Web. 11 Jun 2017.
Joshua J. Mark, the writer of “Cuneiform” Ancient History Encyclopedia, is a former professor of philosophy at Marist College in New York. According to Ancient History Encyclopedia, Joshua J. Mark explained the development and history of cuneiform. He stated that cuneiform first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia in c. 3500-3000 BCE. The name “cuneiform” derived from the Latin word cuneus, which meant “wedge.” Many Mesopotamian civilizations, such as Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Elamites, Hittites, and Assyrians, utilized cuneiform until
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Pearce wrote volume 1 on the Adaptation of Akkadian into Cuneiform for Towson University. This was part of her Colonial Academic Alliance Undergraduate Research Journal. Throughout her journal, she emphasized how the Sumerians tried to adapt to Akkadian. Akkadian is one of the two languages that belonged to the East Semitic language family and one of the best to rattest Semitic languages. The earliest attest phase of Akkadian is called Old Akkadian, used around 2350 BCE. It was written in cuneiform based on the rebus principle style writing and had been used to write Semitic and non-Sumerian names for centuries. Cuneiform was a very adaptable writing system that was attested in various forms for nearly three millennia. It was created to represent the language of Sumerian and its first adaptation of the cuneiform writing system that occurred with Akkadian. The Editors. "The World's Oldest Writing." Archaeology Magazine. The Editors, 5 Apr. 2016. Web. 11 June 2017.
The Archaeology magazine offers compelling narratives about the human past from every corner of the globe. This have have been published continuously for more than 65 years and it is a publication of the Archeological Institute of America, which is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation of human heritage. According to this article, the editors explained that cuneiform is the key to understanding all manner of cultural activities in ancient Near East. Explaining how cuneiform was used for many purposes, such as translating letters, recipes, laws, maps, medicine, religion, kings, and
Without the Mesopotamians we would not have all the luxury we have today. Could you ever imagine a world without writing? You may think, life would not be so bad without it, but without writing we would not have stories, we could not write to the bank, we could not text. Two major contributions made to society were the first forms of writing known as Cuneiform and Hammurabi’s Code.
To identify the specific type, functions and time period of the artifacts, various archaeology books, reports, and journal were referred. The interpretation was then conducted by dividing the artifacts into different area on the map and investigating their relationships.
Hallo, William W. and Simpson, William Kelly. The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1971. Hansen, Donald P. “New Votive Plaques from Nippur,'; in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol.
The school system of the Sumerians set the educational standards for Mesopotamia culture and other cultures to follow. Their studies included mathematics, botany and linguistics. Some students tha...
... of the Sumerians, a number of significant battles with another fledgling Mesopotamian civilization, the Akkadians, would lead to a loss of control over their city and most of their land. The Akkadians would eventually gain complete control over all of the Sumerian city-states and would ultimately spell the end for the creators of the original Mesopotamian civilization.
The need for writing in Uruk was drastically different than that of the Egyptians, however. As evidenced at the archaeological site of Hierakonpolis, the Egyptian sy...
Hause, S., & Maltby, W. (2001). The Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia and Israel. Essentials of Western Civilization (pp.7-15). California: Wadsworth.
Humans have been using written language to communicate ideas with one another since as early as 3200 BCE in Mesopotamia. Since then, every great civilization has had a written language, each with its own unique characteristics. However, it was the writin...
However, as an ideogram, this cuneiform also stands for the Assyrian word irsitu , or "earth." So reading cuneiform involves mastering a large syllabic alphabet as well as a large number of ideograms, many of them identical to syllable symbols. This complicated writing system dominated Mesopotamia until the century before the birth of Christ; the Persians greatly simplified cuneiform until it represented something closer to an alphabet.
The Oriental Institute featured an exhibit focused on the development of ancient Middle East Pioneers to the Past: American Archaeologists in the Middle East 1919–20 January 12 - August 29, 2010. And this was the exhibit I found most intriguing and most i...
That was an act of human creation of the Near Eastern river valleys of Sumer and Egypt. Cuneiform writing in Sumer and the hieroglyphics in Egypt was developed in this time period. Such things as the Code of Hammurabi and the fall of the Assyrian Empire, The Persian wars, assassination of Julius Caesar, it was also the start of the Greco-Roman Age, and the end of the Roman Empire in the West.
Mesopotamia’s first invention was a form of writing called cuneiform which was written on clay tablets with a sharp reed called a stylus. This permitted for recording events and writing formal laws. The Sumerians, a civilization in Mesopotamia designed the wheel which was used to help transfer heavy objects to and from places. They also began constructing daggers, spears and chariots, which has led to their successful wars. The Mesopotamians were also responsible for the first laws and the discoveries of glass, sailboats, and ziggurats. With interest high in religion and mythology, Sumerians and their successors worshiped gods and goddesses just like Egyptians, Greeks, and Aegean cultures.
Nineteenth century British explorer Henry Rawlinson was among the first archeologists to draw attention to the importance of cuneiform writing. Arguably, his most valuable discovery was the monument at Bisitun in present-day Iran; Bitisun is a massive memorial to Darius, famed king of ancient Persia. Accor...
Richardson, Seth. "An Assyrian Garden of Ancestors: Room I, Northwest Palace, Kalhu." State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 13 (1999): 145-216.
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is one the oldest and most interesting forms of written language developed. There is evidence of its use from before 3200 BCE and Egyptian hieroglyphs remained in use for over 3,500 years. The Egyptian name for hieroglyphs translates to “language of the gods,” although the term hieroglyph actually came from Greek words meaning “sacred carving,” which the Greeks used to define the writing found on Egyptian monuments and temples (Ancient Egypt, Hieroglyphics, n.d.).