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Essay on suicide causes and prevention
Suicide causes and prevention
Sociological and psychological theories of suicide
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Police Suicide
Rogozina Anastasia
CJBS 250
Annotated Bibliography
Police Suicide
Introduction
Police suicide is a common topic nowadays, and it has become alarming to the whole world. There are many cases where the police have killed themselves due to various reasons. Suicide is a death done by an individual to himself. The paper provides an annotated bibliography of the police suicide, its rate, causes, as well as measures to prevent it. Some of the causes discussed below are an organizational and operational stressor, family issues, drug abuse, and alcoholism, post-traumatic stress disorder and the lack of support.
Rate of suicide among the police force
Brent, D.A., and Bridge, J.A. (2013). “Firearms availability and suicide: evidence,
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(2014). “Comparing the influence of traumatic and organizational stressors on the psychological health of police, fire, and ambulance officers.” International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 11, pp. 227-44. Brough (2014), states that the rate of police suicide has increasingly gone high in various places, but in others, it has reduced because of the measures from the law and health sectors. According to the WHO, the rate of police suicide is alarming; for instance, it was realized that 140 New York City police committed suicide in 2008. However, there are still those who went unreported. The analysis of the rates of police suicide has gone high compared to other years. This shows how the health department and law enforcement department have to find ways to reduce the main causes of these deaths. In South Africa, for instance, since 2000 to 2006, the rate has increased from 100 to 250; however, in 2008 to 2010, the rate begun decreasing. This shows that the lawmakers and the health care sector are trying hard to reduce the problems causing suicide among the …show more content…
The researcher identified job-related stress as one of the main causes of suicide. Most of the police officers are associated with violence in many cases, especially in the urban areas. They also do not like the type of job they deal with, especially in the cases of suicide. Stress has been the most dominant because they have low job morale and do not get enough backing from the administration since they work more hours with little pay (Brough and Frame, 2014). Also, the author discusses a lack of acknowledgment as another cause of stress which makes them loose self-esteem as well. There are also other causes of stress such as political barriers, which make them unable to access advancement and promotions, therefore, making them stay in the same position for a long time. The senior police officers used bad motivation techniques such as giving excess punishment for a small mistake such as having an individual’s firearm confiscated for getting to work late. Besides, others have stress slated
Gilmartin, K. M. Emotional survival for law enforcement, a guide for officers and their families. 1st ed. Arizona: E-S Press, 2002.
Police Psychology: A New Specialty and New Challenges for Men and Women in Blue. Thomas, David J. 2011.
Vila, B., Kenney, D., Morrison, G. B., and Reuland, M. (2000, August 28). Evaluating the Effects of Fatigue On Police Patrol Officers: Final Report. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved on December 7, 2013 from
Working in corrections has been associated with higher stress rates due to the unpredictable nature of the field (Parker, 2006). Correctional officers are forced into dangerous situations without adequate protection as a result of the prison environment, which can further lead to physi...
The following essay will critically appraise two aspects of the method sections of two published research articles, the first article is quantitative is titled, Suicides not in contact with mental health services: Risk indicators and determinants of referrals. The second article which is qualitative is titled, Suicide in northern Sweden: an interview study of investigating police officers. The two aspects that will be critically appraised will be sampling and the ethics aspects of the articles. The two articles were selected due to the rate of suicide in Kent been 10.3/100.000 and Sweden having one of the highest rates of suicide for much of the 20thcentury a rate of 17.5/100.000 people. With individuals aged 15-35 year of age likely to take their own lives (WHO, 2011) and 50% of suicides not been in contact with mental health services, it’s interesting to find out if these people where accidentally over looked by the mental health services or if they had no mental health issues was there was not enough information available for them to seek help.
Some of the world’s most-loved and well-known superheroes include Superman, Batman, and Spiderman. However great these superheroes may appear, their fictional stories also include stressors that they face everyday, such as the villains that they encounter and the pressure of being a hero and an everyday citizen. In this way, stress often negatively impacts the lives of the ones who watch over every neighborhood, every street, and every house. Such is the job of a police officer. Because stress has become an important topic in the community of law enforcement, things that are commonly discussed are the causes of stress, the effects of stress, and the handling of stress in the lives of police officers.
A very important group within the American population has been increasing rapidly as well in suicides. The rate of suicides in the U.S. military is so high now, that in 2012, more service members died from suicide than combat exposure. Determining the driving factors behind this increase is not only important in mission readiness and the safety of our nation but can provide information on whether or not key individuals (whites, males) should not be used in combat situations if already prone to suicide. Because it is already proven in the civilian world that these individuals are more prone to commit suicide, one must wonder if this is true in the military. What characteristics predict whether or not an American soldier will commit suicide? Is it the same as in the civilian world? And if there is any difference, it may be important to know in prevention and treatment as well as selection for service and screening measurements.
Tang, T., & Hammontree, M. L. (1992). The Effects Of Hardiness, Police Stress, And Life Stress On Police Officers' Illness And Life Stress on Police Officers’ Illness and Absenteeism. Public Personnel Management, 21(4), 493.
Briefing Paper # 2 Use of Force Police officers may feel the necessity of using deadly force at some point of their careers. Even though law enforcement officers are allowed to use deadly force and they are fully trained to do so, under certain circumstances the use of the aforementioned method may not be reasonable or necessary. Particularly, the use of deadly force against unarmed suspects has been the basis for controversy and debate among citizens across our nation. Deadly force occurs when an officer intentionally shoots a firearm at a suspect with the risk or purpose of causing a serious injury or death (Attorney General's Use of Force Policy, 2000).
In high pressure situations, especially in larger more dangerous cities, officers should be prepared to react appropriately and efficiently. The notion that it is a reflex to shoot someone in a vital organ is either untrue or shows a lack of diligence required in the training process. Being a police officer should entail just as much empathy as it does bravery. Unfortunately, as of late, too many armed policemen have been making poor decisions and not being indicted merely because of their position of power. According to a CNN article titled “Charging the Police: By the Numbers”, only 26 officers have been convicted for these senseless murders since 2005 (Tate).
In recent years, with easier access to information due to the internet, cases of police brutality and misconduct are appearing at an alarming rate all over the internet. It is in no doubt becoming more apparent to the public eye that the citizens are now paranoid or alarmed not only around criminals, but also around police officers. This paper will discuss situations where lethal methods were used in non-lethal situations, police accountability, and possible solutions to decrease police brutality and misconduct. Police brutality and misconduct can be defined and interpreted in many ways. Different perspectives must be evaluated to properly decide whether the officer performed unlawfully or inappropriately. An officer has a license to kill if,
University at Buffalo. (2008, September 29). Impact of Stress on Police Officers' Physical and Mental Health. Science Daily .
Suicide, it's not pretty. For those of you who don't know what it is, it's the
Intro/Thesis - Suicide is at an alarming increasing rate. However, this matter continues to remain a stigmatic topic. Unless there is more awareness and prevention, suicide will continue to rise.
Suicide is a critical social problem in this day and age. According to Kutcher and Magdalena (2008), one of the top three causes of death among people from 15 to 34 years old is suicide. In America, suicide is the third killer to the high school youths between the age of 15 to 19 (Lieberman & Cowan, 2011). Suicide defined as a person who end the life in the way of purposely instantly, and deliriously which consider to be self-inflicted death (Comer, 2004). In general, there are six factors that cause teenagers involve in suicide that are depressed, family factor, a trend toward the youth, effect of parental suicide, bullying, and impulsive behavior (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).