The reason I picked this topic is because I admire Anne Hutchinson and the history of her
life and I strongly believe in the rights of the individual to freedom of thought, freedom of
speech, and the freedom to worship. She is a real hero because she faced adversity but she
refused to betray her ideals or ethics no matter what the cost was.
Anne Hutchinson, was born Anne Marbury, in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, in July,
1591, the daughter of Bridget Dryden and Francis Marbury, a deacon at Christ Church,
Cambridge. She was the second of 13 children. For years everyone in England had been
Catholic. Then, almost 100 years before Anne was born, King Henry VIII of England, the leader
at the time, left the Catholic Church. He wanted to divorce his wife, but the Catholic Church
would not let its members get divorced. Because he was determined to end his marriage, he
started a new church called the Church of England. He made himself head of this church and
from that time until today, the king or queen of England has also been the ruler of the Church of
England. The English people wanted a more relaxed and simple form of worship that would be
less formal than the Catholic Church. These people were known as the Puritans, because they
wanted a pure religion without the rules and ceremonies of Catholicism.
Several members of Anne’s mother’s family were Puritans, and her father, Reverend
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Marbury, was accused of being a Puritan. He did not approve of the way the church selected
ministers. Some men became preachers because their families knew political rulers or because
they were wealthy. Reverend Marbury, on the other hand, had spent years going to school and
earning his degree at Cambridge University. In fact, he spoke against untrained ministers so
much that he was even thrown in jail and not allowed to preach for several years.
Because her father had always expressed his opinions, Anne Marbury grew up feeling
free to speak her mind. She often heard him disagre...
... middle of paper ...
...ll influential people of colonial times were men, Though women had
virtually no power in those days, a few like Anne Hutchinson had a great impact on history.
But all was not lost, as her story serves as a great reminder of the hardships endured by
those who suffered under tyrants, and the hardships endured by women throughout history. It
also serves to remind us of the value of freedom, and how others suffered for the liberty we
sometimes take for granted.
Anne Hutchinson
Valentina Patruno
American History 2060
Prof.Billera
April 19, 2005
Bibliography
Berkin,Carol, Miller, Christopher, Cherny, Robert, Gormly, James. Making America, A History of the United States Volume I: To 1877. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003
Clark, Beth. Anne Hutchinson, Religious Leader. Avondale: Chelsea House Publishers, 2000.
LaPlante, Eve. American Jezebel, The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, The Woman who
Defied the Puritans. New York: HarperCollins Publisher Inc, 2004.
Mangal, Melina. Let Freedom Ring, Anne Hutchinson, Religious Reformer. Minnesota:
Capstone Press, 2004.
Before going to Alaska, Chris McCandless had failed to communicate with his family while on his journey; I believe this was Chris’s biggest mistake. Chris spent time with people in different parts of the nation while hitchhiking, most of them whom figured out that McCandless kept a part of him “hidden”. In chapter three, it was stated that Chris stayed with a man named Wayne Westerberg in South Dakota. Although Westerberg was not seen too often throughout the story, nevertheless he was an important character. Introducing himself as Alex, McCandless was in Westerberg’s company for quite some time: sometimes for a few days, other times for several weeks. Westerberg first realized the truth about Chris when he discovered his tax papers, which stated that “McCandless’s real name was Chris, not Alex.” Wayne further on claims that it was obvious that “something wasn’t right between him and his family” (Krakauer 18). Further in the book, Westerberg concluded with the fact that Chris had not spoken to his family “for all that time, treating them like dirt” (Krakauer 64). Westerberg concluded with the fact that during the time he spent with Chris, McCandless neither mentioned his
Anne Marbury Hutchinson was the second born child of a Cambridge educated, outspoken Anglican preacher named Francis Marbury. She was born at a time when he was openly quarrelling with church leaders about their "catholic tendencies" and the selection of "ill-educated Bishops that in turn chose poorly trained ministers" (LaPlante, p. 33). Francis was eventually put on trial and accused of being a Puritan. He won his trial but was removed from his church and sentenced to be at home. This time was to have a big impact on the lives of his children, especially Anne.
So they travelled by ship to New England in the early 17th century. The New England region became the center for Puritanism. To controll most of the colonies' activity they held a strong connection between church and state. This strong controll could be hold up until the end of the 17th century.
Christopher McCandless is seen by many individuals as an inspiration, an inspiration to not be afraid. “Chris was fearless even when he was little.”(Walt McCandless) Chris’s father made a comment about how he believed Chris was fearless, Chris was a fearless individual even was he was just a young boy, he showed how he was fearless and brave, his strong character was acknowledged as a young age by his father and his family. How many people have packed up a few of their belongings and just took a journey into the wild? Chris did and he took nothing along just what he could carry on his back, he proved to many individuals that all you really need is yourself to get you through the tough situations that you will encounter along they way. Chris’s actions and his way of thinking is what people are mostly inspired by, he showed individuals not to be held back by fear. Fear is a powerful feeling that can overpower someone very quickly, but fear did not seem to hold Chris back on his outrageous journey. “Happiness is only real when shared.”(Chris McCandless) Chris believed real happiness has to be shared, he shared that happiness with people he came across his journey. He shared his happened with the people he met along his way, by telling those stories about his adventures. He inspired many people; Christopher McCandless is a well-known individual. Chris’s journey made an impact; there are books, articles, and a movie published just to tell the story of the boy who went into the wild. The New York Times published the article Death of an Innocent that was written by John Krakauer in 1996, the article was a summary about Christopher McCandless. John Krakauer was intrigued by Christopher McCandless character that he wanted to go more in de...
Anne Hutchinson was born Anne Marbury in Alford, England, in 1591. Anne's father was a deacon at Christ Church, Cambridge. Francis Marbury spoke out earnestly about his convictions that many of the ordained ministers in the Church of England were unfit to guide people's souls. For this act of defiance, he was put in jail for one year. Undaunted, Francis Marbury continued to voice his radical opinions, including that many ministers were appointed haphazardly by high church officials to preach in any manner they wanted. Eventually, Anne's father did restrain his verbal attacks on the Church of England, choosing conformity with an imperfect church over constant arrests and inquisitions. (D. Crawford, Four Women in a Violent Time, pps. 11-15.) Being educated at home, Anne read many of her father's books on theology and religion. Much of Anne's later independence and willingness to speak out was due to her father's example. Anne admired her father for his defiance of traditional church principles. She was always fascinated with theological questions such as the fate of the Indians who had no knowledge of Jesus Christ or salvation. Her childhood was a definite factor in the development of the strong, self-assured woman she grew up to be.
Religion is the name given to a “relationship with God, and different groups of people have different Gods and belief systems” (Terhart & Schulze, 2008). Today there are 313 religions and denominations in the United States; from monotheists who believe in one God, to polytheists who believe in many Gods, to others who believe in no God, or a God as represented by animal spirits, alien groups, or psychoactive substances (ProCon.org, 2008). Christianity was the first religion that was brought to the world by European settlers and it became dominant religion of the United States throughout its history. Although Puritan practices was accepted under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, both James I and Charles I believed that their authority had full power to enforce religious standards among their subjects and so they authorized the persecution of Puritans, who were challenging many of the most important rules of the English church. As a result, in the 1620s and 1630s a number of English Puritans decided to move to America, where they hoped to put their religious beliefs into practice unaffected by the Stuarts or the Church hierarchy. (Norton et al., 1986)
During the seventeenth century a group of Christians split off from the Anglican Church of England and formed their own theology know as Puritanism. The Puritans were made up of the middle-class teachers, lawyers, merchants, clergy, and parliament members. Joshua Miller explains how the Puritans, "equated the church with the body of Christ;" and further states that, "to admit everyone, even open and unrepentant sinners, to the church was to pollute Christ's body" (Miller 59). The Church of England corruption of this body was the main reason for the great "Puritan Migration" during the seventeenth centry, along with the fact that the King refused to convene parliament at the time causing an uprising against the Throne of England. [1] The Puritans were cast out by King Charles of England and sent to the Americas to start a new colony of their own. The Puritans came to the Americas with a set idea of union between church and state. In the patent given to the Puritans by the King a selct few men were given the power to make laws without consent of the commonwealth and allowed to confiscate lands from the natives. Roger Williams a man who openly opposed these kinds of injustices committed by Puritan leaders like John Cotton and John Winthrop. A Puritan that had turned Separatist, Roger Williams wanted no part of the tainted Church of England. Separatists completely severed ties with the Anglican Church and formed their own denomination with their own theology and system of beliefs. Williams' separatist views did not sit well with the Puritans and as a result he paid the price for his open rebellion against the Puritan acts in New England. The Puritan church and government banis...
In 1534, King Henry VIII formally instigated the English Reformation. He therefore passed the Act of Supremacy, which outlawed the Catholic Church and made him “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England” (Roark, 68). Puritans were looking for a more Protestant church and received what they wanted. Along with it, came the King’s total control over the Church. This is what the Puritans didn’t want. Puritans believed that ordinary Christians, not a church hierarchy, should control religious life. They wanted a distinct line between government and the Church of England. Puritans also wanted to eliminate the customs of Catholic worship and instead focus on an individual’s relationship with God developed through Bible study, prayer, and introspection (Roark, 68).
In Puritan led Massachusetts Bay Colony during the days of Anne Hutchinson was an intriguing place to have lived. It was designed ideally as a holy mission in the New World called the “city upon a hill,” a mission to provide a prime example of how protestant lives should have subsisted of. A key ingredient to the success of the Puritan community was the cohesion of the community as a whole, which was created by a high level of conformity in the colony. Puritan leaders provided leadership for all facets of life; socially, economically, religiously, and even politically. A certain hierarchy was very apparent in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in which ministers always seemed to have gotten their way. Governor Winthrop got his way in 1637 by banishing a woman, Anne Hutchinson, whom he thought posed a threat to the structure of the colony. I believe that there is a legit rationale for her banishment, this being her religious ideas that were very close to that of the Antinomians who Governor Winthrop was not too fond of. I also think that this was not the primal reason. In my mind, Anne’s gender played a large role in determining whether or not she actually posed a serious threat to the solidarity of Massachusetts.
...y from the Church of England. Puritanism was weakened at its core because of this strict and finicky hierarchy within its church. It drove people away, leaving it in great need of loyal members. “In effect, strict religious purity was sacrificed somewhat to the cause of wider religious participation” (Kennedy, 73).
paved the way for religious freedom. She was a great leader in the cause for
Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell, p.35-36)).
The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? Erikson believed that children around this age wanted to develop a greater sense...
England’s dissent from the Catholic Church began with King Henry VIII (1491-1547). After Catherine of Aragon failed to produce a male heir, Henry demanded a divorce from her. The Pope denied Henrys request which led to Henry dissolving all ties with the Roman Catholic Church and changed the direction of religion in England. Henrys VIII motives for change were for personal gain rather than changing religious beliefs (Christianity in Britain, 2011). A law was passed in 1534 allowing Henry VIII to declare himself the head of the new Church of England, this move allowed Henry VIII to divorce Catherine and...
Erik Erikson’s eight Stages of man; politically known as the eight stages of psychosocial development. He promotes social interactions as a motivation to personality development. Erickson studied stages from the beginning of the life cycle to the later stages of life. Erickson was trained under the famous Sigmund Freud. His belief was that it wasn’t only sex that motivated personality development. Social interaction and a growing sense of competence is the key to it all. Because his beliefs differed from the beliefs of Freud, Erikson quickly began to work on his own. Erickson has focused on many different eras of psychological development.