Legal Analysis Model
The relevant facts
According to the case, Ann Hopkins had worked successfully for Price Waterhouse since 1978 and was “nominated for partnership at Price Waterhouse in 1982.” (p. 1) Out of 88 candidates she was the only woman. In the admissions process, forms were sent out to all Price Waterhouse partners of whom there were 662. These partners then submitted their comments about the candidates. . Only “thirty-two partners, all male, responded about Hopkins.” (p. 5) The forms were then tabulated to achieve a statistical rating in order to determine if the candidate should be admitted to the partnership. Of the 88 candidates “Price Waterhouse offered partnerships to 47 of them, rejected 21, and placed 20, including Hopkins, on hold.” (p. 1) “Some candidates had been held because of concerns about their interpersonal skills.” “the Policy Board takes evaluations or a negative reaction on this basis very seriously,” even if the negative comments on short form evaluations were based upon less contact with the candidate than glowing reports on long forms evaluations based on more extensive contact. The policy board had however, recommended and elected two candidates "criticized for their interpersonal skills”. (p. 4) Approximately 1% of the 662 partners were women. Price Waterhouse “gave two explanations for this. One was the relatively recent entry of large numbers of women into accounting and related fields. The other was the success of clients and rival accounting firms in hiring away female potential partners.” (p. 4). After hearing that it was unlikely that she would ever make partner, Ann Hopkins decided to “initiate a lawsuit charging Price Waterhouse with sex discrimination”. She had been a valuable and productive member of the organization and it appears that she was denied admission as a partner since she did not fit the feminine stereotype.
Critical issues – Legal
There is evidence of Intentional Discrimination by Price Waterhouse and its employees based on sexual stereotype.
Appropriate legal rules
According to Corley, Reed, Shedd, and Morehead, (2001) “the most important statue eliminating discriminatory employment practices, however, is the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act o 1972 and the Civil Rights Act of 1991.” The appropriation section o...
... middle of paper ...
... order to examine and evaluate the ethical questions?
The assumption that needs to be made in analyzing the case are that discriminating against an individual based on a deviation from the accepted stereotype for their gender is morally unacceptable.
Ethically, what should be done?
Price Waterhouse should educate its partners and employees about accepted work practices and should institute diversity training in order to educate members that stereotyping is unacceptable. Ann Hopkins should be admitted as partner to the firm and welcomed as a valuable addition to senior management.
Works Cited
Civil Rights Act of 1964. 2 July 1964. U.S. Department of State. 12 Sept. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civilr19.htm Civil Rights Act of 1991. 8 March 1991. U.S. Department of State. 12 Sept. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civil91.htm Harvard Business School. Ann Hopkins (A). Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing,
1991.
Velasquez, Manuel G. (2002) Owen, C., (5th Ed.). Business Ethics Concepts and Cases. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
The Making of the Ghetto: One of the biggest forms of equity is home ownership, and between 1933 and 1978, the Federal
The loss of public housing and the expanse of the wealth gap throughout the state of Rhode Island has been a rising issue between the critics and supporters of gentrification, in both urban areas such as Providence and wealthy areas such as the island of Newport, among other examples. With the cities under a monopoly headed by the wealth of each neighborhood, one is left to wonder how such a system is fair to all groups. Relatively speaking, it isn’t, and the only ones who benefit from such a system are white-skinned. With the deterioration of the economic status of Rhode Island, and especially in the city of Providence, more and more educated Caucasians are leaving to seek a more fertile economic environment.
The Bill of Rights was published December 15th, 1791 and granted civil rights to all
"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the single most important piece of legislation that has helped to shape and define employment law rights in this country (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2001)". Title VII prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, age, gender, disability, religion and national origin. However, it was racial discrimination that was the moving force of the law that created a whirlwind of a variety of discriminations to be amended into Title VII. Title VII was a striving section of legislation, an effort which had never been tried which made the passage of the law an extremely uneasy task. This paper will discuss the evolution of Title VII as well as the impact Title VII has had in the workforce.
On July 10, 1964, only eight days after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, Earnest Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick created ...
Squires, G. D., Friedman, S., & Siadat, C. (2001). Housing Segregation in the United States: Does Race Matter? Cambridge, MA.
Instead of focusing on the relationship between federal housing policy and segregation, as does Mohl, DiPasquale explores how rental housing and federal policies affect each other. In her article, “Rental Housing: Current Market Conditions and the Role of Federal Policy,” DiPasquale challenges the federal policies that were in place at the time she wrote her article. She brings to attention her belief that in the past, government policies have given much of their focus to homeowners and little to the renter. Through her research, DiPasquale had found that rental housing had become increasingly less affordable, especially to poorer tenants, who are spending a greater portion of their income on rent. This not only poses a problem to the renters, but also to the landlords, for if the renters cannot pay the rent, the landlords get a vacancy and no income from their property. She also asserts her belief that homeownership is not for everyone, and uses evidence from the recent housing crisis to support her claim. Her article calls for a revamping of current federal policies to level the playing field between home owning and renting. By doing so, households will have more choices available to them when it comes to choosing suitable housing for them
In this article, Squires and Kubrin argue that place, race, and privilege interact and combine to play a large role in the unequal opportunities that different citizens have in metropolitan areas across the United States. They first explain the existence of “bad” neighborhoods in these metropolitan areas and attempt to describe their development over time. They discuss how place has played a role in this. For example, they discuss sprawl, which they define as “a pattern of development associated with outward expansion, low-density housing and commercial development, fragmentation of planning…, auto-dependent transport, and segregated land use patterns” (48). They explain how sprawl has negatively affected inner-city neighborhoods. Additionally, the authors discuss the impact of race on the formation of unequal life opportunities. Racial minorities do not have access to the same opportunities as white people in America today. Although improving in recent years, the United States remains a highly segregation nation. This segregation, which is both a cause for and result of sprawl, is an example of how place and race interact in the formation of bad neighborhoods and unequal opportunities. Finally, the authors define how privilege affects inequality. Living in an area of large concentrated poverty as well as family social status, being born into either extreme wealth or poverty, have a large effect on the opportunities that one will have in life.
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 enacted into law on 21 November and enforced by EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). The 1991 Act combined elements from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which was the most comprehensive civil right legislation to pass Congress. It provides monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination.
The government passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965, giving civil rights to all Black Americans .After nearly 10 years of nonviolent protests and marches, ranging from the 1955 to 1956 Montgomery bus boycotts to the student sit-ins of the 1960s and to the huge March on Washington in 1963. Martin Luther King (MLK) was one of the greatest impacts for change the world has ever known. MLK’S leadership and efforts provided the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement (CRM) , which forced American society to end discrimination. Although he did a lot for black , he was not the only reason the Civil Rights Movement was passed, he was the trigger. Several events before this enabled the Civil Rights Movement to be passed.
Quigley, J. M. (2002, April 3). A decent home: Housing policy in perspective, (pp. 53-99). Berkley, CA. University of California, Berkley Program on Housing and Urban Policy. Retrieved June 20, 2011 from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f57x42q
Around eight million of plastic ends up in oceans from land each year. A water bottle that ends up in the ocean, takes about 450 years to decompose. The tons of plastic that end up in the ocean, stay there for a long time. Marine scientists have discovered, plastic is killing coral reefs. Scientists have studied 159 coral reefs for 4 years in 4 countries, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Myanmar. The study shows that the coral reefs are excessively contaminated with plastic. When plastic clings to coral it sickens or kills it. When coral comes in contact with plastic the likelihood of disease increases from 4% to 89%. Plastic tears open the skin of corals, allowing an infection to start anywhere.
The Civil Rights Act of 1991, TITLE I - FEDERAL CIVIL RIGHTS REMEDIES U.S.C. § SEC. 102 (1991). Retrieved February, 6, 2014, from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/cra-1991.cfm
In this novel, in comparison, there are more men than women. Most of the tales told by the men stretch over a wide range of how female should be. On the other hand, the women tend to focus on one idea and stick to it to prove their point. Since there are more men, the women tend to loose the importance and focus from the men. The women figure in this book are the Prioress, the Wife of Bath, and the Second Nun. Chaucer description of the women in this novel is very stereotypical. Although he describes them with great elegance and respect, there is always a condition to it. These conditions then tend to leave no importance for the reader. The Nun is described a “charitable solicitous” who “weep[s] is she … saw a mouse caught in a trap”1. These small details put a wrong impression on the readers therefore leaving no interest and meaning for the tales the women have to say. Even after the tales are done, the Host says things that discourage the
Civil Right Act of 1964, it has emerged as one of the nation's major topic of