Did you know animals went into space before humans? American and Russian scientists utilized mammals - mainly monkeys, chimps and dogs to go into outer space to see if it was safe for people. First, on June 11, 1948, a V-2 Blossom launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico carrying Albert I, a rhesus monkey. Lack of popularity and documentation made Albert an unsung hero of animal astronauts. He was the first living animal in space. Then, on September 20, 1951, a monkey named Yorick and 11 mice were recovered after an Aerobee missile flight of 236,000 feet at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. Yorick got a fair amount of press as the first monkey to live through space flight. Next, on May 22, 1952, two Philippine monkeys, Patricia and Mike, were enclosed in an Aerobee nose section at Holloman Air Force Base. Patricia was placed in a seated position and Mike in a prone position to determine differences in the effects of rapid acceleration. Also on this flight were two white mice, Mildred and Albert. The section containing the animals was recovered safely from the upper atmosphere by parachute. Patricia died of natural causes about two years later and Mike died in 1967, both at the National Zoological Park in Washington, DC. The Soviets kept close tabs on what the U.S. was doing with their V-2 and Aerobee missile projects during the early 1950's. Basing their experiments on American biomedical research, Soviet rocket pioneer Sergei Korolev, his biomedical expert Vladimir Yazdovsky, and a small team used mice, rats and rabbits as one-way passengers for their initial tests. Eventually they chose small do... ... middle of paper ... ...flies, rats, parasitic wasps, flour beetles, guinea pigs, frogs, Bacteria, Amoebae, and fungi. Don’t forget those bullfrogs, Nematodes, fish, spiders, tortoises, crickets, rats, newts, snails, carp, gypsy moth eggs, ants and cockroaches. Works Cited "Animals in Space." Animals in Space. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. . "Animals sent to space." HubPages. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. . "Cosmic Menagerie: A History of Animals in Space (Infographic)." Space.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. . "Dogs in Space." Animal Astronauts. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. . "Nine Planets." The Solar System Tour. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. .
Throughout his years in the Air Force Chuck flew some of the most dangerous and experimental planes. In one incident, Chuck was flying towards the sun and could not see his instrument panel.
To begin the novel she tells us the story of Robert Smith's first and last flight. He had "promised to fly from Mercy to other side of Lake Superior..."(1); although we later learned when "he leaped into the air"(9) he leaped to his death. Smith's flight was a way for him to escape a life he could no longer handle. Milkman discovered later in the novel that his great grandfather, Solomon, was a “flying African," (321). Susan Byrd, a distant relative Milkman had just met, told him why people around the town thought Solomon was a flying African. Solomon was a slave and had about twenty-one kids. One day he just "flew off"(323) and left his family behind. He escaped his slave and fatherly duties to supposedly fly back to Africa. To end her novel, Morrison describes Milkman's own flight. He finally discovered the key to flying was “If you surrendered to the air, you could ride it,"(337) and he did.
This blow to national pride along with the fear that the Soviets could potentially launch ICBMs from space led to “Rocket fever”. The sudden wave of nationalism and the desire to build a space program worthier to that of the Soviet Union led to the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under President Eisenhower, the investment of billions of dollars in missile development, and the expansion of the National Academy of Science’s charter.... ... middle of paper ... ...
"10 Dangerous And Deadly Parasites | Health." Before It's News. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. .
Human minds cannot comprehend how colossal an idea like space is. To obtain a firmer understanding of what or who is floating around up there, scientists all around the world invest their entire fortune and lives into exploring the unknown. Many explorations have proven successful in expanding human knowledge about space, but Skylab, America’s first space station, has demonstrated triumphant in three different space missions documenting the foreign world (Dunbar, “Part I”). Skylab Space Station was a revolutionary development in the history of space exploration with its many missions and daily life for its astronauts.
The dropping and the atomic bomb and the continued use of human subjects during scientific testing in the 20th century continues to be a controversial subject. It is because the actions carried out saved many lives and that those hurt were informed and volunteered that these methods were moral. It is because of the debate surrounding these actions that science has continued to evolve. From these earlier practices, more rigid experimental methods are enforced. These new regulations protect the patient and continue to ensure that those sacrificing their safety to aid others are not injured without fully understanding the risks involved. The modern world will continue to benefit from the actions taken by the United States during the 20th century.
“You can do whatever you set your mind to,” said Vanne Goodall to her young daughter Jane. There words would inspire Jane Goodall to become one of the most well known wildlife researcher in the world. Starting at a young age Jane showed an interest in animals. She spent her days reading books on animals or exploring nature outside. In May of 1956 Jane was invited to visit their family farm. Jane spent the next year working hard as a waitress to earn enough money to pay for the trip. After arriving there in April 1957 Jane meet the famous anthropologist Louis Leakey who hired her as his secretary and then he helped set her up in Tanzania to start studying chimpanzees. A lot of people doubted Leakey’s decision to choose Jane Goodall to do a study of chimpanzees for him but he supported Goodall who at that time did not even have a college degree.
On April 12, 1961 Russia became the first to send a manned craft into space. The craft’s name was Sputnik 11, also known as Vostok 1. Yuri A. Gargarin became the first man to view Earth from Space. The flight lasted a mere one hour and forty-eight minutes before returning Gargarin safely to the Earth’s surface. This occurred only twenty-five days prior to NASA’s first suborbital flight. This only added fuel to the fire in America’s passion to become the first nation to send a man to the moon, thus gaining an edge on Russia in total accomplishments in space. This, however did not come unti...
"1961: Chimp Returns Safely after Space Flight." BBC News. BBC, 31 Jan. 1961. Web. 30 Mar.
13. Due to PETA’s campaign, US military no longer uses monkeys in “cruel chemical-attack training course.” (PETA)
Stimson, Richard. "Wright Brothers Tribute at Woodland Cemetary." Wright Stories Wright Brothers Inventing The Airplane History of Flight Kitty Hawk Wright Contemporaries Military Airplane RSS. Wright Stories, n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
Apollo 1, launched on 27 January 1967 – during pre-launch there was an on-board fire that killed the crew.
The space race had a great historical significance for the U.S. and the whole world. On the surface, it seemed as a battle of science and technology. In reality, it was actually a political battle between the world’s two major superpowers and their economic systems, an ideological battle between communism and capitalism. So, was the space race a waste of time? Could all those millions of dollars have been better invested in something else? Maybe, but it shouldn’t be forgotten that the space race stimulated research in many fields, and this research brought to many life changing developments. LED therapy to treat cancer, freeze-dried food, and the memory foam used in mattresses all resulted from the technologies developed by NASA for space. And let’s not forget to thank the space program for the much needed satellites for our GPS and cell phones!
Darwin, Charles. Voyage of the Beagle. Charles Darwin’s Journal of Researches. Edited and abridged by Janet Browne and Michael Neve. Penguin Books, 1989.
Her discoveries made a major contribution to the biological community, paving the way for others, and well as earned her many awards. Not much about chimpanzees was known, or studied, on the mid-1900s before Jane came along. At the time, these animals were mainly unbothered by curious humans. But the height of the space research program involving chimps went from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, right around the time Jane first ventured to Africa ("Air and Space | Research | Release & Restitution for Chimpanzees"). They were used to test gravity force as well as other conditions expected in space travel. Furthermore, Jane was not the only scientist to be studying the monkey family behaviorism, though she is certainly the most well known. An additional scientist at work around the same time was Francine Patterson. With permission form the San Francisco Zoo, she started to train a one-year-old gorilla American Sign Language. Patterson, still alive and well today, founded The Gorilla Foundation, a non-profit organization committed to the preservation of lowland gorillas (“Ape Women: 10 Dedicated Primate Researchers”). Similarly, Sally Boysen is also renowned for teaching chimps to read and write using English words and letters, as well as studying their cognitive development (“Chimps R Us”). Yet another scientist and conservationist, Birute Galdikas, was working with orangutans around 15years after Jane’s most prominent work with chimpanzees. Galdikas dedicated her life to the safety and wellbeing of the animals entrusted to her (“Birute