Introduction There are numerous problems associated with the use of animals and animal products for human consumption. The increase of the human population has led to a growing demand for meat and other animal products. This has fundamentally changed the way we keep and breed animals over the last 50 years. Through the increase of scale and intensity of animal farms, the density of animals is remarkably higher. This has led to numerous problems associated with the farming of animals. Especially animal diseases are transmitted easier and their economic impact is greater. Examples include Food and Mouth disease, Classical swine fever, Newcastle disease, swine vascular disease and Q fever (Warenautoriteit 2014). Many of these disease also carry the risk of transmittance to humans and can cause serious health problems. The outbreak of such disease can lead to significant economic losses, both in the form of loss of production through the large scale extermination of infected animals, and through cost associated with adverse health effects in humans. Therefore there is large interest in finding solutions to these problems. One such solution has been the use of antibiotics in farm animals. While this has reduced the risk of certain diseases, over the years of use this has led to the rise of many antibiotic resistant micro-organisms, who pose a great risk to human health on their own. With the advent of genetic engineering technologies it has become possible to create new livestock animals whom are less susceptible to certain disease or might not transmit such diseases to humans (Houdebine 2009; Laible 2009). But genetic engineering allows us to do much more; it allows us to choose desirable traits or introduce new traits previously... ... middle of paper ... ...roduced into the human diet this will likely face stiff opposition from consumer groups who oppose the introduction. Certainly in countries such as Great-Britain where the government and beef industry have already suffered a huge blow towards their credibility in dealing with the BSE crisis. Also the way in which the British government seemed to push towards introduction of gm crops in the 1990’s and the subsequent mishandling of the Pusztai affair (Korthals 2002). Therefore the gm beef must not be forced upon the consumers and must only be made available when there is a significant risk of catching CJD in consuming normal beef. Only then may some consumer groups find the gm beef acceptable and some other might even demand it. But it’s more likely that in case of another BSE outbreak consumers will lose trust completely in the beef industry and turn away from beef.
Kaufman, M. (2000). Worries rise over effect of antibiotics in animal feed; Humans seen vulnerable to drug-resistant germs. Washington Post, p. A01. Retrieved from http://www.upc-online.org/000317wpost_animal_feed.html
George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a book that displays what can occur in a society that is ruled by an oppressive government. By using farm animals, George Orwell shows how an oppressive government can prove to be disastrous and also confining. While the book was originally regarded as a book that parallels the effects of communism, in more recent times the book has also shown to parallel the happenings occurring in what is known as the Arab Spring. Currently, countries involved in the Arab Spring has begun to revolt and rebel against their governments that oppress them in hopes of gaining freedom and equality among the people. These countries include Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, and Syria. It is in these countries where the people have grown overly frustrated and angry at their governments that treat them unfairly. While some have become successful in overthrowing their government, there are still those that are struggling. However, Tunisia is not one of the struggling countries but in fact is one that was successful in its revolution. It is in the country of Tunisia were many similarities in its revolution are seen in George Orwell’s book. This paper will attempt to illustrate the equivalences between the events that occurred in Animal Farm but also in the Tunisian revolution.
In writing animal farm, Orwell was trying to show his readers why the animals revolted against their master. Also, the Egyptian Revolution that began on January 25, 2011, showed the world why the Egyptians revolted against their president. The Egyptian revolution parallels Animal Farm in three main ways: rejecting the unfair rule, using a successful method of terror used, and creating powerful chants and songs to motivate protestors.
“Misuse of antibiotics could result in selection for resistant bacteria”. This gentle warning mentioned by the inventor of antibiotics, Sir Alexander Fleming, seems to have lost its meaning over the course of years. Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern; antibiotics used in factory farmed animals raised for human consumption contributes to this problem. Scientific evidence confirms that by the consumption of meat that contains antibiotic-resistant microbes, some antibiotic resistant bacteria are transferred from animals to humans ("GAO"). Factory farming has its benefits, but issues arise due to the overuse of antibiotics in factory-farmed animals, and this essay aims to propose a solution by analyzing Denmark’s successful antibiotic banning policies.
Resistance arises from mutations that are not under the control of humans, but the evolution of bacteria has been sped along by the overexposure of antibiotics to both people and animals. The number of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in an area is closely related to the frequency that antibiotics that are prescribed (Todar, 2012). Patients often unnecessarily demand antibiotics to treat common colds or simple illnesses that are not caused by bacteria. Instead, these infections are caused by viruses which, unlike bacteria, are unaffected by antibiotics. Incorrect diagnosis can also lead patients to using unnecessary antibiotics, which can sometimes be even more dangerous than otherwise left untreated. Besides the fact that antibiotics kill off beneficial bacteria in the intestines, misuse of antibiotics provides an opportunity ...
However, health concerned organizations want to ban the use of these products due to the increasing fears that they can cause harm to the consumers. For over 50 years, antibiotics have been added to the food of animals such as poultry, cattle and pigs. The main purpose for doing so is to lower the risk of disease in animals. Farm animals are housed together in overcrowded areas, which are very dirty. The hygiene level can get to such a poor state that they are often in contact with their own excreta as well as excreta of the other animals they are housed with and because of tight single air space they share, the likelihood of catching diseases from one another is further increased and very often a whole heard can be infected at one time.
Factory farming began in the 1920s soon after the discovery of vitamins A and D. Shirley Leung said, when these vitamins are added to feed, animals no longer require exercise and sunlight for growth (B2). This allowed large numbers of animals to be raised indoors year-round. The greatest problem that was faced in raising these animals indoors was the spread of disease, which was fought against in the 1940s with the development of antibiotics. Farmers found they could increase productivity and reduce the operating costs by using machines and assembly-line techniques. Unfortunately, this trend of mass production has resulted in incredible pain and suffering for the animals. Animals today raised on factory farms have had their genes manipulated and pumped full of antibiotics, hormones, and other chemicals to encourage high productivity. In the fast food industry, animals are not considered animals at all; “they are food producing machines” (BBC). They are confined to small cages with metal bars, ammonia-filled air and artificial lighting or no lighting at all. They are subjected to horrible mutilations: beak searing, tail docking, ear cutting and castration. The worst thing is that ...
One’s behavior, health, disorder, and characteristics, all depend on he’s genetic code. Genetic engineering, also known has genetic modification, can have various methods, but commonly consists of alternating the DNA in an organism’s genome (Winter). Several instances of alternating the DNA in an organism comprises of changing one base pair of the organism’s DNA, removing a region of the DNA, and gene cloning (Winter). Scientist use genetic engineering to enhance and modify the characteristics of an organism (Knapton). For example, aside from the experimental purposes, the cross between Bison and beef combined each of their best quality to make one enhanced outcome. Due to the cross, the Beefalo has increased efficiency and taste, meaning they can input costs and improve profits. Other examples of genetic engineering include GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Genetic engineering, although used on animals and food for decades, only recently surfaced with concrete evidence towards working on human DNA. This groundbreaking knowledge can provide new medical advances, completely altering the emblematic
Science and technology are rapidly advancing everyday; in some ways for the better, and in some, for worse. One extremely controversial advance is genetic engineering. As this technology has high potential to do great things, I believe the power genetic engineering is growing out of control. Although society wants to see this concept used to fight disease and illness, enhance people 's lives, and make agriculture more sustainable, there needs to be a point where a line is drawn.
Meat cultivation uses more land, water and resources to house, transport, and slaughter animals and their grain and food than it would cost to fund in vitro meat studies. In April 2008 the In Vitro Consortium first met at the Norwegian Food Research Institute. The consortium is “an international alliance of environmentally concerned scientists striving to facilitate the establishment of a large scale process industry for the production of muscle tissue for human consumption through concerted R&D efforts and attraction of funding fuels to these efforts. ”Meat in both its production and its consumption has a number of destructive effects on not only the environment and humans but also live stock. Some of these effects are antibiotic resistant bacteria due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock, meat-borne pathogens (e. coli), and diseases associated with diets rich in animal fats (diabetes).
This story Animal Farm by George Orwell is a novel about an animal revolution over an oppressive farmer. The irony in the story comes when the pigs turn into the very thing revolted against. They exhibit the same cruelty by treating the other animals the same or even worse than previous owners. This cycle of cruelty is shown in the Russian revolution by Joseph Stalin who is represented by Napoleon in the story. Cruelty in animal farm is shown by the human’s treatment of the animals, and the animal’s eventual treatment of each other and the ironic characteristics of the two.
It is estimated that over one-half of the antibiotics in the U.S. are used in food animal production. The overuse of antimicrobials in food animal production is an under-appreciated problem. In both human and veterinary medicine, the risk of developing resistance rises each time bacteria are exposed to antimicrobials. Resistance opens the door to treatment failure for even the most common pathogens and leads to an increasing number of infections. The mounting evidence of the relationship between antimicrobial use in animal husbandry and the increase in bacterial resistance in humans has prompted several reviews of agricultural practices by scientific authorities in a number of countries, including the US.
Historical/Cultural Context of Animal Farm The Russian Revolution: In 1917, two revolutions were involved in Russia, which terminated centuries of imperial ruling. The Russian revolution was made up of two revolutions, which the first one was in February, and the second one was in October. These revolutions started political, and social changes that lead to the creation of the Soviet Union. By March of 1917, Russia who became civil turned into turmoil, which caused constant food shortages.
The most effective way to combat pathogenic bacteria which invade the body is the use of antibiotics. Overexposure to antibiotics can easily lead to resistant strains of bacteria. Resistance is dangerous because bacteria can easily spread from person to person. Simple methods for preventing excessive bacterial spread are often overlooked. Not all preventative measures are even adequate. Doctors and patients often use antibiotics unnecessarily or incorrectly, leading to greater resistance. Antibiotics are used heavily in livestock and this excessive antibiotic use can create resistant bacteria and transfer them to humans. In order to reduce resistant bacteria,
Throughout the course of the novel the lives of everyone – human and animal – on Animal Farm change dramatically. In the case of the pigs their lives get better and better but for all the other animals and the humans their lives take a turn for the worse, after a brief period of optimism for the animals. This change in lifestyle, perhaps suggests Orwell’s thoughts and feelings about communism as he uses all of the events allegorically with the Russian revolution, for example when Snowball is chased out by Napoleon represents in history when Josef Stalin had Leon Trotsky exiled from Russia. Another example is in the card game at the end of the novel when Napoleon, representing Josef Stalin and Russia, and Mr. Pilkington, representing President Truman of America, both play the ace of spades, which represents nuclear weapons, which is historically the beginning of the Cold War.