If we need to see the development or “the story”of Western philosophy, First, we need to look into the three stages of philosophy: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. Then, we need to look into the two transitions: Ancient to Medieval and Medieval to Modern philosophy. Parker describes these transitions into greater detail. Also, Kenny, and Strauss, In this paper, I will not only be discussing the development of Western philosophy, but the historical standpoint of the how philosophy became what it is now. The ancient Greek philosophers have played a pivotal role in the shaping of the western philosophical tradition. Before Western philosophy was developed, Ancient philosophy began in ancient Greece,The first philosophers are called "Presocratics", …show more content…
Again with the stages in the case of Modern philosophy, the first stage is “whole” which is the focus on the subject and object united. Also, the mind constrained by objective reality governed by providence. The focuses that are presented are the conclusion of Modern philosophy. Then the second stage is “part” is the separation of the subject which is now transformed into the “self” from objective reality. An example, of the figures is Descartes, who is a rationalist and Kant, who is empiricists.The third stage is “whole of parts” which is the focus on the self as source of or the “objective reality”. A good example of the figure who supported the focus is Hegel. Then Parker characterized Modern history, “that modern history is characterized by the separation of reason from faith, freedom of man and his mind from the authority of tradition, institution, and revelation with its concomitant loss of the solidarity of medieval man with the world of his past.And the competition between sensory experience and rational thought as candidates for the nature of man 's free mind”(174).Since Modern focuses on the subject and object united with the mind constrained by objective reality governed by providence. Overall, the transition or the development between the three stages of philosophy differs by reason and faith. Ancient philosophy focused on faith and reason versus Medieval and Modern philosophy has a separation between reason and faith. The main theme of the development of “Western Philosophy” is faith and reason. In the conclusion of this paper, I already discussed the development of Western philosophy, and the historical standpoint of the how philosophy became what it is
Louise Mallard has not yet heard the news of her husband’s death. As the news is revealed to her she went into a state of unhappiness, and she had a hard time “accepting the significance” (463). She “wept at once” with “wild abandonment” and the “storm of grief” (463), passed over and she went alone to her bedroom with no one to follow her. The author describes in the previous sentence that the storm of grief has passed over her,
Kretzmann, N. et al (1989). The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy : From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Disintegration of Scholasticism, 1100-1600. Paperback: New York.
Before reaching this moment, the reader can discern that Louise is struggling between the thoughts of how she “should” be reacting to the news of her husband’s death against the feeling of elation of being free from her perceived marital constraint. Louise is living in the late 19th century where society believed women belonged in a domestic realm where they “manned” the house (cooking, cleaning, raising the children) binding them to their home and husband. A time when a woman is to be the social moral compass and live by a strict social code of conduct. Even in the description of Louise it is clear she upholds these values: “She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength” (Chopin 306). It is also when the reader gets the first glimpse of Louise’s repressed life.
Louise Mallard is a woman who enjoys freedom and independence. She feels soaring relief and fiery triumph upon realizing that, yes, she is finally free. She is free of the weighted ropes of marriage. She fantasizes of her days ahead, living for herself and only herself. “A kind intention or cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination” (Chopin 234). She views the imposing of one’s will on another person as a crime, no matter the intention behind it. She has a taste of freedom after Mr. Mallard’s death and can finally see days without stress ahead of her. Prior to her husband’s death, young Mrs. Mallard feels tied down and even oppressed. “She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength” (Chopin 233). Despite the typical oppression of women throughout the centuries prior to the 1920s, Mrs. Mallard possesses a free spirit.
Even though Averroes’ assertion that philosophy is an obligation from all who study religion seems to support innovative ideas, closer analysis shows the opposite. Considering all the limits set upon the encouragement of producing personal opinions, the role of philosophy is practically redundant. Opinions are only accepted from scholars, and even then, when they are in line with what is considered to be “right”.
Although philosophy rarely alters its direction and mood with sudden swings, there are times when its new concerns and emphases clearly separate it from its immediate past. Such was the case with seventeenth-century Continental rationalism, whose founder was Rene Descartes and whose new program initiated what is called modern philosophy. In a sense, much of what the Continental rationalists set out to do had already been attempted by the medieval philosophers and by Bacon and Hobbes. But Descartes and Leibniz fashioned a new ideal for philosophy. Influenced by the progress and success of science and mathematics, their new program was an attempt to provide philosophy with the exactness of mathematics. They set out to formulate clear and rational principles that could be organized into a system of truths from which accurate information about the world could be deduced. Their emphasis was upon the rational ability of the human mind, which they now considered the source of truth both about man and about the world. Even though they did not reject the claims of religion, they did consider philosophical reasoning something different than supernatural revelation. They saw little value in feeling and enthusiasm as means for discovering truth, but they did believe that the mind of an individual is structured in such a way that simply by operating according to the appropriate method it can discover the nature of the universe. The rationalists assumed that what they could think clearly with their minds did in fact exist in the world outside their minds. Descartes and Leibniz even argued that certain ideas are innate in the human mind, that, given the proper occasion, experience would cause...
Dr. James seeked that the Greek Philosophy is just stolen Egyptian Philosophy. Way before it actually reached Athens, the teachings called the Egyptian Mysteries got to other lands first. The history of the Greek philosophy was a compilation and plan executed by Aristotle at his school. Greek Philosophy as it was called and it different to the Greeks as the way they live. The period between 640-322 B.C. was the time period of Greek Philosophy and its external and internal wars was just not suitable for producing philosophers.
As Mrs. Mallard lets her realization take root she begins to chant, “free, free, free” (Chopin, 75). This shows that she accepts her new fate and knows that she will be okay without her husband. Louise becomes aware that she has been dictated by social expectation and requirement, but now can live for herself once again with no one to answer to. Louise admits, “she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death” (Chopin, 75), but sees her future beyond that now. Social expectations no longer obligate her to be the woman she was. Louise is now able to do what she feels is most beneficial for her as an individual, and not what would be expected in her monogamous
Although I believe that Louise has a distorted image of love, I think that it is evident that society had pressured her into a constrained marriage. Louise exclaims “free, free, free!” after the news of her husband’s death (Chopin). This new overwhelming sense of freedom sends her into deep thought of a future to live for herself only. I do not believe that Louise was selfish because women of this time were forced into a selfless wife role. As a woman of the time she would be expected to live for a man, although this is not directly quoted in the story. Her husband’s death would break the bond on societal and marital constraints that had controlled her life for years. Because of this, she experienced a new sense of freedom like no other she had before. For once she had no pressure of a relationship or the expectations that come with it. I believe that she was not selfish for wanting a life of living only for herself. The thought of future excited her; death was not the consequence of her self
It is for this reason that I shall turn from the content of the dialogues to the method or methods exhibited there. In those, I will argue, we have a better model for the contemporary conduct of philosophy than is usually suspected.
Moore, Brooke Noel., and Kenneth Bruder. "Chapter 6- The Rise of Metaphysics and Epistemology; Chapter 9- The Pragmatic and Analytic Traditions; Chapter 7- The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries." Philosophy: the Power of Ideas. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.
...r passing. The abundance of literary devices highlights Mrs. Mallard emotions when she was finally given the freedom she had been longing for throughout her entire life. In the end, the nineteenth century male-dominated society reigns supreme once again, and “when Louise ceases to exist in relation to the patriarchal society around her, she ceases to exist at all” (Cunningham 53).
The so-called "hermeneutic turn" is unquestionably one of the major events that took place in the contemporary philosophical scene, and its impact goes beyond the boundaries of any academic discipline, embracing the whole field of the human sciences. For this reason, the word "hermeneutics" refers today not only to a philosophical movement, but ...
It is expected of woman to shatter into crisis as news of her husband’s death is exposed. In this reading, the author presents a widow named Louise Mallard, who against all odds dares to expose her desired dream. Mrs. Mallard subdues an unexpected reaction as she was notified of Mr. Mallard’s death. With sense of relief, she disgracefully mourns his absence. Yet, despite the horrendous news, Louise was powerless as a transparent feeling of joy approached her heart. Freedom was gifted. She “opened and spread her arms out…”
It is noticeable that many subjects that once belonged to philosophy have broken off and become independent disciplines. These subjects include physics, psychology, and chemistry. This, however, has not left philosophy devoid of content. There are numerous other things that have always belonged to philosophy since the beginning of time and are still part of philosophy up to date. These issues are; the possibility of knowledge, the nature of the universe, the standard of justice, the correct use of reason, and the qualities of beauty. These issues have the foundational structures of the five branches of philosophy that are epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, logic, and aesthetics.