Anastrazole, also known as Anastrozole, is a drug indicated in the treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women.1 It is a new generation oral once-daily aromatase inhibitor. Since 1980, doctors recommended to take tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer in women. However, recently, between Feb 2, 2003, and Jan 31, 2012, the doctors had an experiment with 3864 post-menopausal women.2 The result was successful. Anastrazole reduced the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. The experiment proved that anastrazole actually has fewer serious side effects than tamoxifen. After this experiment, anastrazole is used in therapies for treating and preventing cancer. It is also used to women who already took tamoxifen before. Anastrazole is sold to people by the name of Arimidex. The safety labeling changes of anastrazole are approved By FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) on December 2008.3
Chemistry
Figure from source3
Anastrazole is used for preventing breast cancer and this fact can be easily understood by looking at the chemistry of the drug. Anastrazole is considered as an aromatase inhibitor. It inhibits the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens (produced by women in the adrenal glands) to estrogens.1 Anastrazole is not a steroid, but it is considered as a hormonal treatment. The IUPAC name for anastrazole (C17H19N5) is 2-[3-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) phenyl]-2-methylpropanenitrile.1 The molecular weight of anastrazole is 293.36626 g/mol and the melting point is 130.14 °C. It is a form of white powder. The structure of the drug shows how it works in human body. The metabolism of anastrazole is mainly by N-dealkylation, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation to ina...
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... hormone levels, and suppress the serum estradiol levels.8 After this process the man will gain normal fertility and spermatogenesis back.
According to the study, no matter the man is in obesity or not, the study still showed that anastrazole was effective to normalize the fertility. Aromatase enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol. Because anastrazole is an aromatase inhibitor, it suppresses the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Since estradiol gets lower, the rate of testosterone increases and it maintains the normal testosterone. The off-label use of aromatase inhibitors to decrease peripheral conversion of testosterone to estradiol provides a unique method of manipulating the normal regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis to promote endogenous normalization of testosterone levels and to enhance spermatogenesis and fertility.8
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are a group of hormones, which includes the natural male hormone, testosterone, and a number of synthetic compounds. "Anabolic" refers to muscle building, while "androgenic" refers to increased masculine characteristics. Anabolic effects are basically muscle growth. Androgenic effects produce secondary male sex characteristics like facial hair, body hair, deepening of the voice, and so on. In the 1950's scientists were trying to isolate the muscle building properties without the masculinizing effects. This lead to the development of synthetic anabolic steroids.
Androstenedione, known as "andro", is made of a naturally occurring hormone of the body, which is used naturally in tiny amounts to make the male hormone testosterone. It is found in humans, animals and the pollen of many plants. Andro is produced in the gonads and adrenal glands of all mammals. It is said to help speed up the recovery of injuries along with bodybuilding and weight training to increase muscle mass. The androgens are the male sex steroids. When andro is taken it can convert the female sex steroid, estrogen into testosterone. Testosterone increases body and facial hair, acne, deepens the voice, enhances prostate growth, and promotes muscular growth. Blood levels of testosterone start rising about 15 minutes and peak about an hour after oral consumption of androstenedione. When users take too much, androgen shuts off the bodyís own making of testosterone, which can damage normal testicular function (Quinn).
As a pediatrician and urologist specifically concentrating on disorders of sexual development (DSD)- “congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical” (Arnold/Saguy, Lecture 11)- every once in a while, a pregnant woman, whose first child is born with congenital androgen hyperplasia (CAH), comes to my office asking for a medicinal point of view on the biological, psychological, and ethical methods of treatment of her second child. Since recent advancements in research on ambiguous genitalia has uncovered several treatments that attempt to prevent certain disorders of sexual development in children, the woman comes in for insight on a steroid treatment specifically to avoid her second child developing ambiguous genitalia.
..., t. t. (n.d.). Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy Use and Cancer - National Cancer Institute. Comprehensive Cancer Information - National Cancer Institute. Retrieved September 19, 2011, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/menopausal-hormones/print
Anabolic steroids are drugs derived from the male hormone testosterone. They promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass. Although anabolic steroids have many approved medical uses, some athletes and others seeking to improve performance and physical appearance abuse them. These nonmedical uses are illegal and carry many health hazards. There are many signs that one can look for in a person who is suspected of using Anabolic Steroids. There is dramatic gain in weight and muscle mass over a short period of time (NIDA September1997). Another is severe acne. Others could be water retention, baldness or hair loss, even in the worst cases severe and sometimes violent mo...
In 1935, German scientists developed anabolic steroids as a way to treat hypogonadism or testosterone deficiency. Through scientific experiment and studies the...
With advancements in medical science, it has now become possible to overcome any shortcomings, limitations or inconveniences concerning human health. Thanks to unconventional medical procedures, altering one’s innate characteristics, viz., gender, genetic makeup, physical appearances, etc., is not impossible anymore. One of the most significant advances of medical sciences is in the field of Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT). HRT is used to replace or replenish any hormone that the body is deficient in, or is not able to synthesize anymore. While the most common use of HRT is the replacement of the estrogen hormone in postmenopausal women, it has found use in many other clinical applications. Some of these include thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients suffering from hypothyroidism and androgen replacement therapies in treating male hypogonadal disorders. HRT is a very vast and expansive subject. Through this paper, an attempt is made to discuss some hormonal replacement therapies, their uses and side effects.
Testosterone is a naturally occurring hormone in our bodies. Anabolic or androgenic steroids are synthetic variants of testosterone (James 7). Testosterone is good for your body when produced at normal levels. In males, it helps promote protein-building, production of sperm. It also has metabolic effects on muscle, bone, and skin (Goldman 72). Anabolic steroid’s main purpose isn’t to gain muscle they are used as medicine. They help with types of anemia, a few types of breast cancers, endometriosis, osteoporosis, and hereditary angioedema (NIDA 2). But anabolic steroids are often taken at 10 to 100 times the natural levels by athletes looking to be their best (Yesalis xxv).
The androgenic effects of AAS are numerous. Depending on the length of use, the side effects of the steroid can be irreversible. Processes affected include pubertal growth, sebaceous gland oil production, and sexuality. Some examples of effects are growth of the clitoris in females and the penis in male children, increased vocal cord size, increased libido, suppression of natural sex hormones, and impaired production of sperm. Effects on women include deepening of the voice, facial hair growth, and possibly a decrease in breast size. Men may develop an enlargement of breast tissue, known as gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and a reduced sperm count.
Consider intermittent fasting. The cycle is proven to accelerate the making of testosterone, human growth hormone, leptin, insulin and many crucial hormones in the body. As men age, the levels of testosterone tend to decrease. This particular approach helps to regularize the levels of this imperative male sex hormone for you to maintain a healthy sex life. Apart from stimulating the production of homones, it also helps to boost libido.
Although steroids have many negative effects, they have many needed medical purposes. Androgens have many legitimate medical uses, such as the use for treatment of hypogonadal men to compensate for the lack of endogenous production. Anabolic steroids are also helpful for the treatment of certain adolescent diseases, some types of anemias, and for a relatively rare form of edema. Other clinical uses focus on the tissue building and anti-catabolic effects, such as in the treatment of burn victims, AIDS, or HIV positive patients, or patients malnourished from disease or old age (Bellino 1).
What would you give to rid yourself of acne? What would you do? The bane of every adolescent’s existence, these red spots develop to some degree in 85% of the population between ages 12 and 25 (Lamberg). Teenagers wake up every morning, look at the mirror, and sigh at the acne on their faces and often other places on their bodies. They dread these awful things that are absolutely ugly. They get desperate and eventually, if the acne grows worse than ever before, they resort to Accutane. Accutane, also known as isotretinoin, is a medication for acne. However, despite isotretinoin’s helpfulness in controlling acne that is unresponsive to other treatments, this medication should not be used because of its harmful physical side effects, its association with psychiatric adverse effects, and its effects on reproduction.
Anabolic steroids are a type of synthetic drug that are aimed to copy the effects of the hormone testosterone. What this does is boost the levels of development of male reproductive tissues which i...
Steidle, C. "AA2500 Testosterone Gel Normalizes Androgen Levels in Aging Males with Improvements in Body Composition and Sexual Function." Review. n.d.: n. pag.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. June 2003. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. .
The symbol ‘E’ is derived from the German word ‘entgegen’ which means ‘opposite’ 8. If the two groups with the higher priorities are on the same side of the double bond, then it is the (Z)- isomer. The symbol ‘Z’ is derived from the German word ‘zusammen’ which means ‘together’ 8. Tamoxifen and doxepin are some examples of pharmaceutical compounds where the geometry of the atoms or groups around its carbon-carbon double bond impact its pharmacological activity. Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist used in the treatment of breast cancer 9. The activities of its isomers are completely opposite to each other. The (Z)- isomer of Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen antagonist (binds to the receptor without activating it), while the (E)- isomer of Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen agonist (can fully bind to its receptor and activate it) 9. The mixture of (E) and (Z) isomers in the Tamoxifen racemate may have reduced efficacy due to the binding of the (Z)- isomer to the receptors and blocking binding sites for the (E)-