Analysis of Picasso's Guernica

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Analysis of Picasso's Guernica

Picasso’s Guernica is one of the most powerful and disturbing anti-war

paintings ever produced.

I have always admired Picasso’s works and wanted to write a

dissertation on some aspects of his work. I first saw his Guernica as

a poster in my History of Art room. I was fascinated by it and wanted

to find out more about its background. I then went to Madrid and saw

this vast painting in the Rene Sofia Museum. Its scale and

disruptiveness intrigued me to study this painting in depth.

I will look at a short background to the Spanish Civil War and why it

happened and how it destroyed the Basque town Guernica and everyone

living in it. Then I will look at and study PicassoÂ’s reaction to the

bombing and how his famous anti-war painting came about. Then I will

look at the contemporary reactions to Guernica and how it still

affects people alive today.

Section 1: The Spanish Civil War

This is the background, the context, which informed Picasso, a Catalan

in voluntary exile in Paris, and led to the painting of Guernica,

which will be discussed in the following sections.

Between 1936 and 1939 over 500,000 people were killed in the Spanish

Civil War. The depression of the 1930s hit Spain hard. Unemployment

rose and Rivera 1* did not have the ability to sort out Spain’s

financial mess. The army withdrew its support and Rivera had to

resign.

In April 1931, elections were held in Spain, which resulted in

Republicans winning all the major cities in Spain. Alfonso 2* decided

to abdicate, as he feared that if he stayed on, Spain would plummet

into chaos. Those victorious at the election then declared Spain a

Republic and the monarchy was abolished.

The new Republic immediately faced a number of major problems, some of

which concerned two important regions in Spain, Catalonia and the

Basque region, who wanted independence. Had their requests been

successful, it would have lead to the break-up of Spain. The

government also believed that the army had too much say in politics

and determined to reduce its influence. Spain was primarily an

agricultural nation and the 1930s Depression had hit prices for crops.

Prime exports such as olive oil and wine fell in value and previously

used agricultural land fell into disuse. The little industry that

Spain had was also hit by the Depression. Iron and stee...

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... Spanish

Civil War. In this opinion at least one of the intentions of the

painting – to have a propagandist function – has been successfully

fulfilled.

When I first saw a reproduction of Guernica I had no idea about its

contents and the civil war that inspired its iconography. As a result

of my research for this dissertation I have learnt so much more about

nationality, the context of the war, and, of course Picasso’s deep

feelings as a Catalan. I only really knew about Picasso from his

Cubist works but now I have discovered a different side of Picasso

which I had never learnt about before.

Bibliography

Books.

Picasso – Timothy Hilton

A Picasso Anthology – Edited by Marilyn McCully

Picasso’s War – Russell Martin

Picasso – Ingo F. Walther

The Shock of the New – Robert Hughes

Picasso – Lorraine Levy

Pablo Picasso, A modern Master – Richard Leslie

Guernica – Paloma Esteban Leal

Paper Museum – Andrew Graham-Dixon

The Story of Modern Art – Norbert Lynton

Visual Arts in the 20th Century – Edward Lucie-Smith.

Newspapers and magazines.

The Times March 3 1999

The Times April 28 1937

Web sites.

www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

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