Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor., and Anthony Esler. Prentice Hall World History. Boston, MA: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.
William McNeill’s thesis includes many different regions, all in which hold their own development of world historical views. His understanding as to the best approach came from historiographical traditions documented in even the recent sources we have observed recently. As a student in a world history class, it is important to note that McNeill’s thesis would be very important in discussing the very understanding of what his title implies, “The Changing Shape of World History,” with an emphasis on the four old world civilizations of the middle east, India, China and Europe.
In the course of approximately four hundred years, Western European colonists and prominent historical figures were particularly known for exploiting and devastating distant cultures and civilizations around the world. This included groups ranging from the Aboriginals and the Aztecs in the remote “New World”, to groups in East Asia such as the Chinese and the Mughals. However, historians today debate whether or not these prevailing and prospering Western European nations were as successful at influencing the cultures of nearer empires such as the Ottoman Empire. It is questionable as to whether or not the Ottoman Empire should be compared to other cultures devastated through their interactions with the West, largely due to the Ottomans’ vast success in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries and eventual internal problems. However, the Ottoman Empire’s inability to remain as successful as its adjacent Western neighbours indicates that they too, were a victim of Western dominance. As the Ottomans began its descent, much of the West continued its prevalence. Therefore, it is fair to say that the Ottoman Empire’s considerable interaction with the West led to the demise and alteration of its culture. The Western powers’ economic supremacy, exploitation of the Ottomans’ internal failures and influence on its religious state each significantly contributed.
Holt, Sol. Exploring World History. New Jersey: Globe Book Company Inc, 1990. Pg. 204-205, 311.
Between the 1600’s and 1700’s, global power shifted away from Asian countries and towards European nations. Several developments led up to this exchange of power, but one of the primary causes is the discovery and utilization of the North and South America continents for natural resources. The exploitation of these continents led to acquisition of land, increased wealth and power, and the waning dependence on Asia.
The world has always been connected. Through trade routes, the world was accessible to anyone who had goods and resources to offer and sell. However, not all countries and territories were part of this connection. Such as Europe, who lay withering away in their dark ages without connections to trade routes, as the rest of the developed world flourished. However, a change in the 1500 century led to the demise of the established wealth and to the rise to colonizing powers. These colonizing powers were dependent on the exploitation of another country’s resources and population. What led to this shift in power and the belief of colonialism? The search for wealth. Many primary sources describe this shift in power and belief; however, Christopher’s Columbus’ letter to the Luis de Santangel outlines this phenomena with such clarity that it sets and foreshadows the economic and religious foundation for the emerging belief of colonialism; and in turn resulting in some of the first colonization of the Americas.
As the classical world became more globalized, more countries gained a larger spot on the world stage. When a country had a desireable study or technology, they earned more respect on the global stage. This can be further examined by looking at Marco Polo’s voyage into Asia. Upon returning to Europe, Polo reported on Asian technologies that had been previously unknown of. These included the silk produced, astrolabe, the compass and the movable-block printing. These technologies became commodities in Europe of high demand. Therefore, much of Asia had a large export. This gained them respect on the European stage. This also increased European interest in Asia, furthering the trends of globalization that had been seen with the development of the Silk Road. This can also be examined through the prominence of madrasas. These were religious colleges and centers of philosophical learning. They originated as a byproduct of Islamic presence in the Caliphates. These learning centers attracted Christian European scholars to much of Islamic Spain and Asia. As the work of translators such as, Averroes, made these scientific findings accessible for larger populations, the Muslim world grew in prominence in Eurasia. A less prevalent byproduct of these globalization and contact was the boosting of economies. As scientific learning centers and new
The term 'globalization' has been subjected to a variety of interpretations. Though at its simplest it can be seen as how the world has become integrated economically, politcally, socially and culturally through the advances of technology, communication and transport John Baylis et al. (2011).
Cultural exchange in the eleventh to fourteenth centuries was revolutionized by new forms of contact and stronger connections between civilizations. The documents provided demonstrate facets of cultural diffusion that formed each culture, and ultimately the future. The explosion of the Mongol empire, accounted for in documents 1 and 4, tied together the entire continent of Eurasia, linking one end to another and creating ties to spread culture and technology. Documents 1 and 3 demonstrate the inestimable value of religion in the spread of regional ideas, from missionaries to crusades. Finally, commerce and adventure provided another key road to expansion in documents 2, 4, and 5, expanding the scope of Christianity and the culture that
Between 1492 to 1914, Western Europe conquered over eighty percent of the world, spreading their influence and colonizing every continent they explored, but this outcome was not fixed. As a matter of fact, historians have wondered for years, why was it Europe, and not anyone one else, who explored and conquered the rest of the world? While a definitive answer has not yet been reached, the influence of Christianity, the cultural and economic restrictions of China, and the developmental advantage Europe had over Africa and the Americas, work together to form a fairly feasible idea.
The Spanish conquest of the Inca in the 1500s A.D. was an event that significantly changed the peoples of South America by leading to the decline of the Inca Empire. This essay discusses why in the last millennium the Europeans were the people who were able to conquer so many of the world’s great civilizations and control so much of the world. While there were other Europeans that conquered other groups of people, this essay focuses on the Spanish and the Incas. Motivation to conquer and ability to do so (such as steel and immunity to diseases) are the key aspects in Europeans gaining power of much of the world that this essay discusses.
During this era of global history from 632 to 1352 C.E, it is seen that the societies began to interact with other cultures leading to cultural diffusion which would have both positive impacts, such as new trade goods, on societies along with negative effects, such as being conquered, on these societies as well. The documents provided show these benefits and harmful factors of cultural diffusion during this global era. Documents one, two, four, and five show some of the negative effects of global interaction. Within this group document one, four and five shows how societies have a direct negative impact on each other. On the other hand document three and six show how global interaction can have a positive impact on societies.
Upshur, Jiu-Hwa, Janice J. Terry, Jim Holoka, Richard D. Goff, and George H. Cassar. Thomson advantage Books World History. Compact 4th edition ed. Vol. Comprehensive volume. Belmont: Thompson Wadsworth, 2005. 107-109. Print.
The process by which people, companies, and governments of different nations interact and integrate with one another is known as globalization. This process is driven by both international trade and investment, aided by technology. The effects go beyond business and finance, in fact, all aspects of culture, politics, the environment and the health of human beings are affected by globalization. (The Levin Institute, 2015)
The term Globalization (or globalization) alludes to procedures of worldwide co-ordination emerging from the trade of world perspectives, items, plans, and different parts of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunication framework, including the ascent of the broadcast and its children the Internet, are central point in globalisation, and producing further reliance of budgetary and social activities.