Black Holes: Warping Spacetime
A black hole is one of the most fantastic things ever predicted by modern science. It is a place where gravity is so strong that nothing --not even light-- can escape. It is a place where gravity is so strong that a hole has been rent in the very fabric of space and time. Surrounding this yawning chasm is a 'horizon' in the geometry of space where time itself stands still. And inside this hole, beyond this horizon, the directions of space and time are interchanged.
There are wormholes to other universes, time tunnels and time machines that would bring you back to where you started before you left. There is antigravity beyond the hole's center. And around the hole, there are regions where you have to travel at the speed of light in order to remain in the same place(Kaufmann ix).
Scientists say that the Milky Way may contain 3,000 to 5,000 black holes(Cowen 167). A black hole may be formed from a white dwarf star. A white dwarf is a dead star that has collapsed. When a star collapses the Pauli exclusion principle must be understood: "Two electrons cannot occupy the same place at the same time"(Kaufmann 29). The principle identifies the Chandrasekhar limit, also known as degenerate electron pressure, which states that all white dwarfs must contain less than 1.4 solar masses(Kaufmann 36). When a white dwarf stops collapsing, it is stable and doesn't contract anymore because that would try to force electrons to occupy the same place(Kaufmann 47). The gravitational fields are so strong that atoms crashing on a white dwarf are traveling so fast that upon impact they emit x-rays(Kaufmann 36).
A black hole may also be formed from a neutron star. A neutron star is an ...
... middle of paper ...
...awesome power. To understand the secrets of atoms and galaxies is to become like the gods. And we fly to the moon, light the fires of the stars, and perhaps someday probe a black hole. Whether we use these abilities for the betterment of humanity or for the devastation of our planet is entirely a matter of our own free choice. The profound laws of nature are not evil. Only our intentions and motivations are sometimes malevolent. This is why it is so important to have an informed public. Only with an enlightened electorate do we stand a chance to make intelligent decisions(Kaufmann x).
WORKS CITED
Cowen, R. "X-rays From Dim Space Hint at a Black Hole." Science News 12 Sept. 1992: 167.
"A Friendly Black Hole." Discover Aug. 1992: 12.
Kaufmann, William J., III. Black Holes and Warped Spacetime. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1979.
For the Science Reader project, I read Black Holes, Wormholes, and Time Machines by Jim Al-Khalili. Interested in time travel and the secrets of space, I chose this book with hopes of better understanding our universe.
The whole idea of time and black holes has been questioning scientist and many common people for decades. Whether or not the theories provided make it physically possible to allow us to ever use any type of a black hole to an advantage? Technology over these past years has allowed us to learn more and more about what black holes are and what they can do. While also allowing ourselves to discover new possibilities that they might bring forth to greater innovations in our near future. But we can only imagine, through our knowledge and technology, what a black hole could do for us, due to all the dangers they bring forth.
The origins of the super-massive black holes which concludes how they were formed and what caused them to form is an unsolved problem which is yet a mystery of astrophysics. ( Millis 2014)
...ve to get to get close at all for a black hole to catch it so it can grow bigger and bigger and the more a black hole vacuums things the bigger they get (Science & Technology from the U). Stars, gas clouds, and any other materials are the black holes food basically they eat it the more they come near them (Science & Technology from the U).
In the 1970’s, Stephen Hawking made the argument that the quantum-mechanical effects of black holes made them emit radiation
In truth, English geologist John Michell was the first to suggest the existence of black holes. He referred to them "dark stars" and based his calculations on Newt...
Hawking, Stephen. “Our Picture of the Universe.” Fields of Reading. 6th ed. Ed. Nancy R. Comely et al. New York: St. Martin’s, 2001. (565-574)
Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known as The Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many astronomers believe to be a black hole, After being focuses on a star orbiting empty space. Several pictures of various radiation fluctuations and other diverse types of readings that could be read from that area which the black hole is suspected to be in.
Hinduism, also known by the name Sanatana-Dharma, is often referred to as the “oldest religion” in the world, is generally considered to be an ethnic religion and is fundamentally based on the religion of the original Aryan settlers. “Hinduism, from the Persian Hindi (Sanskrit sindhu), literally "river." Means "of the Indus Valley" or simply "Indian." Hindus call their religion sanatama dharma,"eternal religion" or "eternal truth” (“Facts on Hinduism”). It was founded around 3000 BCE, and is now considered to be the third largest religion in the world. Followers of Hinduism, which is estimated to be anywhere around 900 million, are especially concentrated in India, Nepal, and other countries throughout Asia. The broader world contact that has occurred since World War II allowed various forms of Hinduism to become more widely known and accepted. The multiple Hindu sects, including the Krishna Consciousness, have been particularly successful among young American and Europeans and claims to be adherent around the world. Hinduism is dissimilar compared to other religions, in the fact that it has no founders. This religion is considered to be permissive in creed or code as it is not necessarily coordinated in any way, even though various sects and cults are formulated. This religion is especially known for its tolerance because it is willing to accommodate those who are exceptionally religious; whether it be a Jew, Christian, or Muslim as a part of their religion. Hinduism is very transformable and accepts elements of different religion. Overtime it has even developed different aspects of both Christianity and Buddhism and incorporated them into the religion of Hinduism. Hinduism worships a multiplicity of gods; the most important in...
Geologist John Mitchell is credited with first devising the idea of a black hole. He said that if some force could compress the sun down to an small enough size, it would have a gravitational field so strong, that one would need to be going faster than the speed of light to escape it (UTFC). All objects in the universe have what is called a schwarzschild radius. An object’s schwarzschild radius is the radius that an object would have to be compressed into in order to have an escape velocity greater than that of the speed of light, or a black hole. (VSBH).
Einstein himself, working at Princeton with Nathan Rosen had discovered that the equations of relativity actually represent a black hole as a bridge between two regions of flat space-time, a phenomenon known as the “Einstein-Rosen Bridge”. Later on, in 1963, the New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr found that if a black hole is rotating, a singularity still forms, but in the form of a ring, not a point. It was believed that in principle, a particle may be able to fall towards the singularity, but if at some point moved through the hole instead of the ring, the particle may not be lost forever. Therefore, with these theories in mind, a particle falling into a black hole will fall through the ring that the singularity has become, then going through the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, eventually being spewed out of the white hole into another space-time continuum.
The Aryans began to write down their ideas and methods of worship that were originally orally passed. In order to pass these lengthy stories orally, they had been put into rhymes and hymns. The first book of the Vedas, the Rig Veda, consists of 1028 hymns to various deities.
...e times the mass of the sun. In this case gravity is overwhelmingly strong and is able to crush the neutron star towards zero mass. The result is a black hole with a gravitational field strong enough to not even let light escape (Brusca, 2004).
Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. Three Rivers Press, New York, New York. 1961.
Initially, Albert Einstein was the person to predict the existence of black holes through his General Theory of Relativity, in which he had created several general equations that show the interaction of gravitation as a result of space being curved by matter or energy. In 1915, he published Einstein’s field equations, which specify how the geometry of space and time is influenced by whatever matter and radiation are present, and form the core of Einstein's general theory of relativity (Redd). The general theory relativity was the initial step in the process to finding out more information about black holes. As time went on, there were a few main contributors that solved these equations to help develop better theories on black holes. One of the most important contributors to the development of a better u...