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five criteria for personhood
personhood philosophy
i robot ethics worksheet
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The future is near. In the movie, The Bicentennial Man, the Martin family purchases a robot who can help them with basic household chores. Overtime, their robot Andrew obtains the ability of expressing emotions and generating thoughts. Although Andrew is a programmed robot, he is a person because he exceeds the capability to possess all of the human characteristics. Each philosopher gathers differing views on the theory of personhood. The legal concept of a person initially tries to follow the moral concept of a person. In philosophy, “the genetic definition of personhood precludes the possibility of a person remaining the same person after death. If who you are is made up of a genetic code, then that genetic code dies when the person dies” (Moon Lecture 8). Many of these philosophers believe that each person attains an immortal soul which presumes the possibility of an afterlife. Andrew has proven himself adequate of generating his own thoughts and ideas. Andrew mentions, “I try to make sense of things. Which is why, I …show more content…
Anderson says in his online lecture, “any entity that has the moral right of self-determination has the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” (Locke and Loftus Online). At one point Andrew decides that he should be alleged to all human rights. He has a case which takes time for President Marjorie Bota to decide whether or not he shall be considered a human. Andrew says to President Bota, “In a sense I have. I am growing old, my body is deteriorating, and like all of you, will eventually cease to function. As a robot, I could have lived forever. But I tell you all today, I would rather die a man, than live for all eternity a machine” (Bicentennial Man). Andrew would rather die a man than live an immortal life, which justifies that he understands the difference between man and machine. He is determined to be acknowledge as a person rather than a machine and the determination he displays confirm him a
Many people contemplate life after death. Does our soul cease to exist or does it remain after we die? These were both important questions that were discussed by Plato and Lucretius. I agree with Plato’s concept of the immortality of the soul. I will discuss in detail each Lucretius’ and Plato’s positions.
Nowadays technology allows us to upload all the memory of a dead person on the computer and create a robot. But can we say the robot is a person? Or can we say the person is still alive? The robot indeed has memory, even the personality of this person before he passes on. But robots and human are different, human have flesh and blood, robots, however, are made by metal. Although it is technologically achievable that robots can react respectively toward different feelings such as pain and itch, these reactions are artificial and they are not real “feelings”, metal would not feel the same way as skin feels.
To begin, Sir Andrew would not have any success if he were to live in 2014 because he is unintelligent. He lacks the knowledge to understand the circumstances he is put upon. This is most evident throughout the story as he constantly gets used by Sir Toby, both Sir Andrew’s money and dignity are being drained down the sink. Sir Andrew’s highly noticeable foolishness had even drawn Fabian to wonder if he is “a dear manikin to….Sir Toby” (3.2 49)? Sir Toby reveals that he had just “been dear to him...some 2000 strong or so” (3.2 50) indicating how Sir Andrew is unaware he is being tricked, but someone of a much lower status and education (Fabian and Feste) can easily understand what is going on. Constantly overlooking the most simplest of situations will not allow Sir Andrew to be successful in 2014 because he will cons...
“Writing is like talking to yourself, which I have been doing with you all along anyway” (51). I’m seeing this quote as it is. On the same page, Andrew says to “Doc,” “I am safe here. I mean, for all we know I put you in danger every time I walk into your office” (51). The paragraph ends with no reply from “Doc.” The paragraph comes to a halt and the next paragraph begins a Mark Twain discussion. I think a major theme to the novel is when Andrew remarks, “How MT dealt with life was to make a point of explaining children to adults, and adults to children” (51). It’s as if there’s no difference between children and adults, which is similar to the behavior of schizophrenics. Moreover, Andrew changes to second person in one of his memories he’s retelling: “Your cheeks were red, your nose was dripping water, snow clung to your eyebrows, snow was under your sleeves and inside your boots” (57). Doesn't seem like a significant quote, however it is if you consider Andrew just talking to himself throughout the book. Why else would he change the point of view? He’s remembering for his own sake. The novel reflects the
Almost, however, is not enough. Andrew's dream is to become accepted as human. Facing human prejudice, the laws of robotics, and his own mechanical limitations, Andrew used science and law in his quest for the impossible, arriving at last at a terrifying choice: to make his dream a reality, he must pay the ultimate price.
In this essay I am going to be discussingthe question of the persistence ofpersonal identity. Particularly, defending the theory that I think is the best. Therearethreemajor competing theoriesthat are brought upwhen it comes to personal identity. They are the brute-physical, psychological-continuity, and the antichriterialist view. Here,I will be defending the psychological-continuity view because I think this theorybest explains what we call personhood; and I think it gives the most satisfactoryanswer to the question.The psychological continuity theory states that what makes a certain individual who they are is their psychological state (i.e. memories, mental functions); and these mental functions are a product of a functioning physical organ
This is known as the memory criterion. Locke illustrates this through his use of the Prince and the Cobbler. If the memories of a prince were put into the body of a cobbler and vice versa, which one is the prince and which is the cobbler? According to Locke the body of the Cobbler is now psychologically continuous with the Prince and is now the Prince, despite the fact that to the surrounding population he is still the same man as the cobbler he is the person of the prince. John Perry also illustrated this in his Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality, Sam Miller relates this concept to a double-header. If one were to get up toward the end of the first game and come back the logical question would be to ask is if it was the same game as before. It being logical doing to one not being able to simply look at the game and tell that it is still the first game, because players come and go but it could still be the same game. The game could even be moved to another field but as long as certain aspects stayed constant (the score, batting order, etc.) it would still be the same game. This illustration could easily be applied to people. You don’t have to be the same physically, just so long as there are connecting factors, such as
When humans die, the replacement rate of their cells is infinitely reduced. Does this mean that their identity is better and longer preserved once dead? No one would agree with this. Death is tantamount to a loss of identity - not to its preservation.
Over time different beliefs surrounding the mystery of life after death have accumulated in different religions, societies and history. Undeniable by all as an inevitable fate , is the definition has changed over time . Exactly what happens in life after death ? Is there a difference in the qual there is a heaven and a hell ? Or is it simply just an underworld in which all souls come ? Regardless of faith or time period , several authors of all ages have considered these questions in high esteem. But each story is different and belief , whether Dante , Homer or Cervantes, all agree that death is inevitable and with it eternal life.
What is personal identity? This question has been asked and debated by philosophers for centuries. The problem of personal identity is determining what conditions and qualities are necessary and sufficient for a person to exist as the same being at one time as another. Some think personal identity is physical, taking a materialistic perspective believing that bodily continuity or physicality is what makes a person a person with the view that even mental things are caused by some kind of physical occurrence. Others take a more idealist approach with the belief that mental continuity is the sole factor in establishing personal identity holding that physical things are just reflections of the mind. One more perspective on personal identity and the one I will attempt to explain and defend in this paper is that personal identity requires both physical and psychological continuity; my argument is as follows:
...e person themselves, and as such, lasts only as long as that identity as chosen by the individual.
The problem of personal identity is difficult to solve, especially since there is ambiguity in the terms. Identity may mean the same person or how one sees oneself. Anyhow, philosophers wish to assess this issue and find a suitable explanation, one motivation being responsibility. Humans will hold others responsible for acts such as murder, theft, and fraud. However, the person who will face the consequences must be the one who truly committed the wrongful act. A second motivation is interest in the future. An individual may become concerned or excited for an event that will occur in the future. Surely, these emotions entail that they will be the same person once that event occurs. The last motivation for resolving personal identity is immortality; basically, what will connect a person to whatever lives on after their physical death. Something can be identical in two ways: quantitatively or qualitatively. To be quantitatively identical is to be numerically identical, and to be qualitatively identical is to share exact qualities. There are two criterions on which personal identity is based, but the most important is the metaphysical criterion, which attempts to explain “being” or existence, without the necessity of physical evidence ...
Hindus believe that after death the soul is reborn in this world to live a new life. What the person and into which caste they are reborn into is decided by there karma. Karma will try to increase their goof karma by keeping dharma which is their duty to the Gods. The process of being born growing, dying and being reborn is called samsara. It is the goal of every Hindu to be freed from this cycle in order to be in the presence of God or become on with God. The idea of reincarnation derives from the Bhagavad-Gita. There are three four verses imparticular, the first one talk about the soul not ever being born or dying that it is always alive and it is therefore the body which dies. “It (the self) is not born, and It does not die; nor is it ever that this One having been nonexistent becomes existent again. This One is birthless, eternal, undecaying, ancient; It is not killed when the body is killed.” - Gita Ch. 2 Verse 20
Immortality is a complex idea in society, even today. Immortality is the indefinite continuation of a person’s existence, even after death. (2) Immortality implies a never ending existence, regardless of whether or not the body dies. In order to understand the immortality of the human soul it is important to understand the difference between an individual’s body and soul. The body is the physical object of an individual, which lives until death, and then decomposes. On the other hand, people connect soul to an individual’s personality. The soul may also be associated to the mind. Th...
With the development of technology in the world, people are faced with many things they never saw and knew before. In this modern life, technology has affected a lot of people’s lives in many levels. Robots are considered as important products of technology. Robots were introduced by a writer, Karel Čapek, from the Czech word, robota, meaning “forced labor” or “serf”. Čapek used this word in his play, R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) which opened in Prague in January, 1921, a play in which an Englishman named Rossum mass-produced automata. The automata, robots, are meant to do the world’s work and to make a better life for humans; but in the end they rebel, wipe out humanity, and start a new race of intelligent life for the robots themselves (Asimov, 1984). Robot does not have a specific definition itself, every dictionary has a slightly different definition. “Deciding if a machine is or is not a robot is like trying to decide if a certain shade of greenish blue is truly blue or not blue,” said Carlo Bertocchini, the owner of RobotBooks.com. “Some people will call it blue while others will vote not blue,” (Branwyn, 2004). This essay will limit the meaning of robot as what defined in the Merriam Webster Dictionary (2004), robot is a machine that looks and acts like a human being, an efficient but insensitive person, a device that automatically performs especially repetitive tasks, and something guided by automatic controls. As the technology grows more modern each day, scientists and programmers are creating and improving the function of robots. Nevertheless, many people are still debating should robots be developed more and should robots be used in everyday life. I disagree that the further development of robots should be remain...